1
.
.
. , . , . , : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
- , , .
: . , - .
, . 1.1.
1.1
I | V | X | L | D | |||
() | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
- . .
, - () , .
( ) {0, a1,..., n}, , - , () p = n + 1 , - -.
, .
. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, = 10, . . (). , , 10 . ., . , 10 , , 10. , , 10. - ,222,2225,-
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2 ( 102); -
( 10), ( 100), - ( 10-1) - ( 10-2), . . 222,22 10:
222,22 = 2 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 2 × 100 + 2 × 10-1 + 2 × 10-2.
725 = 7 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 5 × 100;
1304,5 = 1 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 0 × 101 + 4 × 100 + 5 × 10-1;
50328,15 = 5 × 104 + 0 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 8 × 100 + 1 × 10-1 + 5 × 10-2.
, - 10:
A10 = n × 10n + n-1 × 10n-1 +... + 1 × 101 + 0 × 100 + a-1 × 10-1 +... + m×10-m+...,
- 10:
A10 = n n-1... 1 0, a1... a m
, , - - .
,
. 1.2.
, - , - . , , ( , ), ( ). , - . , .
1.2
0 | 00000 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 00001 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 00010 | 2 | 2 |
3 | 00011 | 3 | 3 |
4 | 00100 | 4 | 4 |
5 | 00101 | 5 | 5 |
6 | 00110 | 6 | 6 |
7 | 00111 | 7 | 7 |
8 | 01000 | 10 | 8 |
9 | 01001 | 11 | 9 |
10 | 01010 | 12 | |
11 | 01011 | 13 | |
12 | 01100 | 14 | |
13 | 01101 | 15 | D |
14 | 01110 | 16 | |
15 | 01111 | 17 | F |
16 | 10000 | 20 | 10 |
17 | 10001 | 21 | 11 |
18 | 10010 | 22 | 12 |
19 | 10011 | 23 | 13 |
20 | 10100 | 24 | 14 |
, . . , , - , - . , , 3 () 4 () , ( 8 16 3- 4- 2), - .
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