12. He raised his head and looked at me in surprise, (slowly)
6. Choose the right word.
1. Please, shut the door quiet/quietly. The children are sleeping.
2. Can you be quiet/quietly, please? I have a headache.
3. The soup tastes nice/nicely. - Help yourself.
4. Do you feel nervous/nervously before examinations?
5. Hurry up. You are always slow/slowly.
6. He looked at me angry/angrily when I interrupted him.
7. Ann can play the piano very well/good.
8. Your friend seems very nice/nicely.
9. This melody sounds beautiful/beautifully.
10. Many interesting suggestions were made during/ while the meeting.
11. Can you lay the table during/while I get the dinner ready?
12. I felt real/really ill last week. I couldn't eat for/during three days.
13. The film was quite/rather exciting but frightening.
14. We judge ourselves by what we feel capable doing, during/while others judge us by what we have already done.
15. You will not succeed unless you work harder/hardly.
7. Read the following sentences with the given adverbs in the right place.
1. The buses are full in this town and it's difficult to get to work sometimes (usually).
2. The children quarrel with each other (often).
3. I know what to say about it (scarcely).
4. My father goes for a walk in the nearest park on Sundays (always).
5. We are going for a walk (just). Will you join us?
6. I have seen a worse piece of work (rarely) I have (never).
7. In my opinion he ought to have spoken to you (never).
8. We've met a more ill-mannered man (seldom) than you are.
9. You can prove it to be true (never) because it isn't so (just).
10. None of them have been there before (ever) and they wanted to go again (never).
II. "You are to do as your parents tell you (always)!" -"I do (always)".
12. "Were you able to understand mathematical problem (ever)?" - "No, I could (never)".
13. Julius Caesar, who was a great general, was a writer (also).
14. They want to build a hotel here, but they haven't got permission (yet).
15. This English text is easy for me (too). Will you give me a more difficult one?
16. My sister speaks English better than I do (much).
17. It doesn't rain here often at this time of the year (very).
18. Thank you very much. It's very nice of you (really).
8. Underline the correct adverb.
1. I totally/fully forgot my grandmother's birthday.
2. He lied so convincingly/sincerely that I totally/strongly believed him.
3. They strongly/seriously advised us to book the tickets in advance.
4. I distinctly/fully remember packing the sun cream in my bag.
5. Mozart tragically/seriously died when he was still quite young.
6. I can't distinctly/fully understand what you mean.
7. I absolutely/strongly adore chocolate ice-cream.
8. She is sincerely/seriously considering giving up her job.
9. People traditionally/continually prepare coloured eggs for Easter.
10. He works in this office all this year/all the time.
11. We normally/forever get in touch with customers by post.
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12. Are you studying French for long/at the moment?
13. I'm feeling rather run down lately/at present, doctor.
14. I always stay on duty since/until 6 o'clock.
15. I'm not making much money these days/so far this year.
16. I study hard/hardly so I spend lots of time in the library.
17. The audience enjoyed the play so much that they clapped aloud/loudly.
18. The fire extensively/widely damaged the 500-year-old building.
19. From the beginning things went bad/badly between my boss and myself.
20. He bought our tickets, and five minutes later/after the train arrived.
21. Everybody was talking but stopped at the time/the moment Mr Smith entered the room.
22. I managed to talk to Carol just as/while she was leaving.
9. Choose the correct words to complete each sentence.
1. The beach is less/least crowded today than last week.
2. He is very/much younger than he looks.
3. The economic situation is too bad/much worse than expected.
4. His operation was far more/much serious than we thought.
5. Every novel she writes is different than/from the last.
6. He never gets to work on time/in time.
7. We were only allowed through customs all the time/one at a time.
8. Hurry up or we won't be in time/on time to see the opening ceremony.
9. I like him but at times/in time he makes me furious.
10. The party was quite/quiet boring at the start, but it changed considerably when they started playing better music.
11. At the end/in the end of the corridor there was a room with a small green door leading to the garden.
12. Has the postman been yet/already/still? I'm expecting a letter from the bank.
13.1 used to belong to the sports club, but I'm no longer/
any longer a member of it. 14. It's only eleven and you have/already/yet/still had
two coffees since breakfast.
10. Complete the sentences using as... as, than or the... the and the proper degree of the following adverbs:
fast, long, soon, much, well, often, quietly, hard, far, little, many
1. I'm sorry I'm a bit late. I got here... I could.
2. We need the information quickly, so please let us know... possible.
3. "How long can I stay with you?" - "You can stay... you like".
4. It was a difficult question. I answered it... I could.
5. She wants to keep fit, so she goes swimming... she can.
6. I didn't want to wake anybody, so I came in... I could.
7. I don't know much about the Roman period in the history of England. You know... me.
8. You don't work particularly hard. Most students work... and pass exams... you.
9. I'm sure that you know much about cars but you know... my father. He's been driving for thirty years already.
10. The station was nearer than I thought. It wasn't... they told me.
11. I'm pleased that our firm works... it did last year. We produce twice... we did at the beginning of the year.
12. I don't earn... money as I'd like. My father earns about three times... I do.
13. Can you send me the money... possible, please.
14. There's plenty of food. You can have... you like.
15. We travelled...we expected. It didn't take us... we thought to get there.
16.... you start... you'll be back.
17.... you read... you know.... you know... you forget.... you forget... you know. So why study?
18. He swims far... I do. Now he is swimming... he's ever done it.
11. Complete the requests.
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Model: You can't hear what your teacher is saying. Could you speak more loudly please?
1. The taxi driver is going very slowly. Could you...?
2. Someone's teaching you to use a computer but he explains very quickly. Could you...?
3. Your friend rings, but you are watching your favourite TV programme. Could you...?
4. You are visiting your grandmother in hospital. She doesn't want you to leave yet. She says, "Could you...?"
5. Your manager wants you to come to work at 7.30 tomorrow, but not at 8 as you usually do. Could you...?
6. You don't work hard at English. Your English teacher asks you,"...?"
7. Your friend's writing is difficult to read. What do you say?
12. Adjective or adverb? Complete the sentences with one of the words from the list.
fast good happy terrible quite really
well extremely hard hardly ill bad
1. When I heard that Kate had passed her driving test I was really....
2. Alex dances very... and never steps on people's feet.
3. He was so tired that he could... keep his eyes open.
4. The hotel was..., but we didn't like the food in the restaurant.
5. Clara was extremely... and spent a month in hospital.
6. George was driving too... and was stopped by the police.
7. It's not a wonderful film, but it's... good.
8. Helen worked very... and was given an extra holiday.
9. When I realized I hadn't paid for the coat, I felt....
10. I can't afford to buy that car because it's... expensive.
11. David felt... because he was working very....
12. I was not... interested in that car, I could... drive at that time.
13. Paula felt... when her exams were over.
13. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. We went to the play and had a great meal at Luigi's Cafe,... we went dancing at the Factory.
a) in the end b) afterwards c) after all
2. She sounded quite nervous... of her speech but she soon relaxed.
a) at the beginning b) in the beginning c) at the end
3. We liked our new neighbors... but then thing began to go wrong.
a) first b) firstly c) at first
4. We looked everywhere for Caroline's passport but... we gave up and she got a new one.
a) at the end b) in the end c) at first
5. I'm not disappointed with today's result....,we have won ten matches already this season.
a) At the end b) In the end c) After all
6. I wrote to her a month ago, and I'm... waiting for a reply.
a) yet b) still c) already
7. Rita isn't going out with Nick. She told him she didn't want to see him....
a) no longer b) longer c) any more
8. Someone paid a great deal of money for the house. It was... expensive.
a) very b) quite c) a bit
9. The party took... longer than we expected and it was... nice walking through the park at night.
a) quiet b) rather c) quite
10. Thousands of people are starving because they can't get... food.
a) enough b) quite c) too
11. These new trains go... faster nowadays than they used to.
a) much b) more c) most
12. It's still raining. How much... can it go on?
a) long b) longer c) longest
14. Adjective or Adverb? Form and use adverbs where
necessary.
Linkverb + adjective: Action verb + adverb;
Model: She looked sad. She looked at me sadly. (She seemed sad.) (In a sad way.)
It was Getting Dark...
I can't remember the accident very (clear). It was getting (dark) and it was (terrible) cold, but it wasn't raining (heavy). My head was aching (bad) and I was (hungry). I was walking out of the park when I (sudden) saw a boy playing (happy) on the pavement. The child seemed (happy) and didn't pay any attention to the cars passing by (quick). A man was sitting (quiet) on the bench. He seemed very (unhappy) and (angry). When I came up (near), he looked up and smiled (sad) at me. I left (curious) about him but I couldn't think what to say. I just stood there (foolish), looking at the man (cold). A car appeared (sudden) from behind the corner and I rushed (hurried) to the child. Now I'm lying (quiet) in hospital. I'm trying (careful) to remember what has happed to me. The man is sitting (near) me. He is trying to explain that drivers don't drive (careful) along narrow roads nowadays, but I am not listening to him (attentive).
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/5. Read the text and cross out 15 "unnecessary " words for the general sense of the passage. Add some adjectives and adverbs to the passage such as cold, extremely, young, etc., to make your story more colourful and expressive.
She was so Hungry...
A close friend of my mother lives in the country in Yorkshire, and she often goes to the beautiful town of Harrogate to do her weekly shopping. After doing her shopping she usually has tea in a small tea shop.
One afternoon she was looking forward to having tea. She went to her usual tea shop, but it was crowded with people from the antiques fair. The waitress was rather embarrassed that there was no room for a regular customer, but she offered her a place at a small table, sharing with a middle-aged man. The lady was disappointed but wanted a cup of tea very much, so she agreed. The waitress showed her a table by the front window, where the man was sitting. The man smiled politely then returned to his paperback book. After a few minutes he got up and left.
The lady was drinking her tea when she noticed that there was a slice of fruit cake on the man's plate. She looked around carefully but there was no sign of him. She was feeling extremely hungry and it seemed a dreadful shame to waste it, so she picked it up and ate it. Just as she was finishing the cake, the man appeared and returned to the table.
Task: Work in pairs. Tell each other about the most embarrassing incident you can remember.
16. Read the text and choose the best definition for a coach potato.
Are you a Couch Potato?
Centuries ago, people didn't have much free time, because everybody was working too hard. In Britain in the nineteenth century, people had more spare time, but because the Victorians hated relaxing and doing nothing, they invented football, rugby and cricket. People took up more gentle activities too, like gardening, bird-watching and train spotting, and it was even possible simply to watch a sport and give the impression that you actually doing something. Gradually, leisure activities have become less and less demanding and most people have a variety of more or less energetic interests or hobbies.
But now there is a new type of person who thinks that lying on the sofa watching television on Sunday afternoon or reading the newspaper from cover to cover is the most exciting activity they can manage. This is the twentieth-century coach potato. For them, every activity is too much trouble and laziness is an art form.
So how do you spend your free time? Are you a couch potato?
17. Read and discuss in pairs.
Life is a Gamble
Life is a gamble, says James Burke, who has worked out the odds6 for you.
Odds - probability or likelihood, that something will or will not happen.
| Who is more likely to ran the risk of having a heart attack, housewives or ca- | Housewives run double the risk of having a heart attack than career women. |
| reer women? | |
| If I drive a lot, on which day of the week am I more at risk? | Friday is by far the most dangerous day on which to drive. And Sunday is the least dangerous - 25 percent less risky. |
| Who is more likely to have a car accident, a male or | Approximately 47 percent of male drivers will be involved |
| female driver? | in a car accident, compared with 29 percent of female drivers. |
| Who are more likely to be victims of violent crime, men or women? | Men. They make up 62 percent of victims - they are also twice as likely to commit murders. |
| As I get older, is it more likely that I will get robbed. | No. From the age of 24 your chances of getting robbed diminish. |
| Are you more likely to be burgled if you are wealthy? | No. The wealthier you are, the less likely you are to be burgled. |
| Is body shape a risk factor for some serious diseases? | Yes, men are more at risk of getting heart disease when their waists are the same size, or bigger, than their hips. Women are also at risk if their |
| waists are at least 20 percent larger than their hips. |
Task: Discuss the following statements if you think they are true or false.
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1. Sunday is the most dangerous day of the week for driving.
2. Women drivers are more likely to have car accidents than men drivers.
3. A farmer's job is more dangerous than a policeman's.
4. More young people than old people get robbed.
5. Rich people are burgled more frequently than people who are less well off.
6. You are more likely to get heart disease if you are fat.
18. Put the words on the right into the correct place and make any necessary changes to the punctuation.
Jack and Liza's Holiday
Just after Christmas two years ago, Jack and Liza decided to go away for New Year. They didn't want to stay in a hotel with crowds of people and they were delighted when they saw an advertisement in the Sunday Times for a holiday flat in a village near Oxford."
It was not an ordinary flat. It was on the top floor of an old Tudor mansion. They booked it and on New Year's Eve they set off in the car. It was raining and freezing cold, they were happy and excited.
They had been driving for three hours when they saw the house in the distance. It looked magnificent with tall chimneys and a long, wide drive. They drove up to the huge front door, went up the steps and knocked. Nothing happened. They knocked again. The door opened and a small, wild-looking old lady stood there....
suddenly
somewhere
so / really
however
immediately
although
heavily
nearly
finally
incredibly
loudly
more loudly
angrily/
slowly
hysterically
desperately
fortunately
just
warmly
Task:
1. Complete the story, using the adverbs on the right.
2. Speak about your best or worst holidays you remember best of all.
19. Read and retell the text, try to use all the adverbs you come across in it.
Acid Rains
Every year more and more plants and animals disappear. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is dis-
turbed, animals can disappear very fast forever. Every day, thousands of species of animals draw closer to extinction. There are countless number of species which may become extinct before they are even discovered.
In many lakes the fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing the fish?
The problem is acid rain. Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. It is caused by factories that burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some of the harmful substances in the smoke may come down with the rain hundreds of miles away.
The rain in many places isn't natural and clean any more. It's full of acid chemicals. When it falls in lakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets in your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying in lakes.
Now scientists are also beginning to study the effect of acid rain on larger animals. For example, they believe that some deer in Poland are less healthy because of acid rain. If deer are hurt by the rain, what about people? This is the question many people are beginning to ask. No one knows the answer yet. But it is an important question for us all.
20. Give the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs. Use them in your short situations.
1. All is well that ends well.
2. Better to do well than to say well.
3. East or West, home is best.
4. Easy come, easy go.
5. Misfortunes never come singly.
6. Better late, than never.
7. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
The Numeral
Cardinal numbers
379 = three hundred and seventy nine; 2,860 = two thousand eight hundred and sixty; 5,084 = five thousand and eighty-four; 470,000 = four hundred and seventy thousand; 2,550,000 = two million, five hundred and fifty thousand; 3,000,000,000 = three billion.
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NOTE: There is no plural 's' after hundred, thousand, million and billion when they are part of a number. On their own, they can be plural, thousands of people; millions of insects.
Ordinal numbers and dates
One of the problems with dates is that we write them and say them in a different way:
We write 4 January (or 4th January), but say the fourth of January or January the fourth. We write 21 May (or 21st May), but say the twenty-first of May or May the twenty-first. 1997 = nineteen ninety seven, 1905 = nineteen hundred and five or nineteen oh five.
Fractions and decimals
1/4 = one and a quarter; 1/3 = one and a third; 1.75 = one point seven five; 1/2 = one and a half; 1.25 = one point two five; 1.33 = one point three three; 1/4 = one and three quarters; 1.5 = one point five
Percentages
26% = twenty-six per cent.
More than 50% is the majority; less than 50% is the minority.
Arithmetic
There are four basic processes for working out (= calculating) a
problem:
+ = addition 6 + 4=10 (six plus/and four equals/is ten)
- = subtraction 6 - 4=2 (six minus four equals/is two) x = multiplication 6 x 4 = 24 (six times/multiplied by four
equals/is twenty-four)
- = division 4 - 2=2 (four divided by two equals/is two)
Saying '0'
This can be spoken in different ways in different contexts. Telephone number: 603 724 = six oh three, seven two four (AmEng = six zero three); mathematics: 0.7 = naught point seven, 6.02 = six point oh two; temperature: -10 degrees = ten degrees below zero / minus ten degrees; football: 2 - 0 = two nil; tennis: 40 - 0 = forty love.
Talking numbers
Here are several useful words and expressions connected with
numbers:
The streets have got odd numbers (3, 5, 7) on the left and even
numbers (4, 6, 8) on the right.
/ got 16 out of 20 in our last test.
Practice
1. How do you say these numbers in English?
1). 462; 2). 2'/2; 3). 2,345; 4). 6,75; 5). 0,25; 6). 31/,; 7). 1,250,000; 8). 10,04; 9). 47%; 10). 20 September; 11). 3 July; 12). 602 8477 (phone number); 13). 5 centigrade; 14). In 1903; 15). In 1876.
2. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1. After the game I heard the crowd was over twenty thousands.
2. We arrived on the ten September.
3. There were two hundred twenty altogether.
4.1 got twenty-five from forty in my test.
5. My birthday is thirty-one August.
6. My phone number is seven twenty three, six naught nine.
5 Write answers to these problems.
1. 23 and 36 is...
2. 2.24 times 8 is...
3. 3.80 minus 20 is...
4. 4.65 divided by 13 is...
5. Add 10 and 6, multiply by 8, then subtract 40 and divide by 11. What have you got left?
6. Divide 33 by 11, multiply by 7, add 10, and subtract 16. What number is left?
4. Answer these questions. Write your answers in words.
1. When were you born?
2. How much do you weigh?
3. What is the number of the flat or house where you live?
4. Is that an odd or an even number?
5. What is the approximate population of your town?
6. What is the approximate population of your country?
7. What is the normal temperature of a healthy person?
8. How many kilometres are there in a mile?
5. Match the telex messages with their replies.
1. PLSE FWD 5000 FIVE THOUSAND ITEM GM F304 NXT WK N CONFIRM TRADE DISCOUNT 33%
2. RE OUR TELECON YESTERDAY PLS ARRNG MTG MR HARRIET 19 JAN 13.30 HEAD OFFICE
3. RE YR VISIT PLS FWD DETAILS YR FLIGHTS SOONEST
4. RE HANOVER TRADE FAIR PLS BOOK EXHIBITION STAND 80 SQUARE METRES
5. RE YR LTR DATED MAY 6 WE CFM RESERVATION SINGLE ROOM 2 NIGHTS MAY 14 AND 15
a) I will be on Flight 192, departing Pans on Thursday 30 March at 13.30 and arriving in London at 14.30. Please arrange accommodation at a hotel in the city centre.
b) With reference to your telex of May 9, please change my hotel reservation to a single room for three nights from May 14 to May 16. Could you confirm this as soon as possible?
c) I regret that there are no 80 square metre stands available -there are only stands of 50 or 100 square metres. Please advise us of your decision by return telex.
d) We confirm that we have five thousand GM F304 available for immediate delivery, but we can only offer a 25% discount. Please confirm your acceptance as soon as possible.
e) I regret that Mr Harriet will be away on 19 January. I have arranged the meeting for Monday 22 January at 11.00. See you next week.
6. Here is postcard from Alaska. Study the task a), b). Alaska. The biggest state
| * 19 mountains over 14,000 feet | * 586,400 square miles |
| * Highest point in North America, Mt. Me Kinley 20,320 feet | * 1/5 the land mass of the entire continental U.S. |
| * More area than the 26 smallest states | * More than two times the size of Texas |
| * Purchased from Russia in 1867 | * 29 active volcanoes, half the world's total |
| for less than 2 an acre | |
| * Longest days, 24 hours of daylight | * More coastline than the lower 48 states, 33,000 miles |
| * Longest nights, 24 hours of night | * More than half the world's glaciers |
| * More than 3 million lakes, larger than 25 acres | * One glacier larger than Switzer land |
a) Read the postcard, and find this information:
1) the length of the coastline
2) the height of the highest mountain
3) the number of lakes
4) the size of the largest glacier
5) the price of the land when it was bought from Russia
6) the date of the purchase
7) the area of the state in square miles
8) the percentage of the U.S. land mass covered by Alaska
b) Ask and answer about your country:
Which is the highest point?
How long are the longest days?
Which is the longest river?
Which is the largest lake?
Which is the biggest city?
Which is the largest state or province?
Is the biggest city also the capital?
What's the population?
'. Mr Keller works in the travel business. He has a very busy veek. Read the information and complete the page from his diary.
1. Tomorrow, he's flying to New York.
2. The day after tomorrow, he has two afternoon appointments.
3. On Saturday, he attended a trade fair in Prague.
4. Today, he's seeing the Managing Director of Ocean Travel.
5. He's returning from New York in three days' time.
6. He returned from Prague yesterday.
7. He's spending this weekend at his holiday home in Kiev.
8. In New York, he's meeting Mrs Catell at 3 p.m., and Mrs Forster two hours later.
9. The day before yesterday, he went sightseeing in Prague.
10. Next Monday, his contact from Transcape is coming to visit him.
8. Write down these dates (in numbers, not in words).
The Date Game
| A your birthday | today's date | tomorrow's date | |
| D yesterday's date | E the day after Wednesday | F the date of Christ- mas Day last Year | |
| G the date of your last holiday | the thirtieth of May | I the date you | |
| H the date of the last day of this century | |||
| J started working for your company | |||
| J the date of your country's main public holiday | |||
| the date you started learning English | L the most memora- ble date in your life! |
Now read the dates to your partner in a different order. Your partner listens, and then matches each date with the description above.
