Role play.
Imagine you are speaking with an English businessman. Discuss:
traffic jams
speed limits
parking facilities etc.
Unit forty four
Windsor and Eton
Text
On Sunday morning the group started on an excursion for Windsor by coach.
Windsor lies 34 km west of London and is famous, first and foremost for Windsor Castle, the residence of the royal family Many parts of this historic castle are open to the public while some other parts are always closed and some are closed when the royal family is in residence.
The site of Windsor Castle was fust defended by William the Conqueror in 1070 and for the next 900 years the building was continually enlarged, growing from a medieval castle to a vast and complex royal palace.
The most impressive of all the castle buildings is St. Geoige's Chapel, a masterpiece of perpendicular Gothic architecture. The State Apartments, which are closed to the public, comprise 16 rooms, and each is a treasure house of superb furniture, porcelain, and armour The rooms are decorated with carvings by Grinling, Gibbons, ceilings by Venio and works from the royal collections. They include Van Dyck's paintings
The star attraction, open to the public, is Queen Mary's Doll's House, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and given to the nation in 1923. The furnishings are designed at one-twelfth lifesize.
Part of Windsor Central Railway Station has now been converted to a waxworks museum iun by Madame Tussaud's, recreating the scene in 1879 when a special train arrived here to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Queen Victoria, the longest ruling monarch in Britain, who lived in 1837-1901, symbolises the unity of the nation, the British Empire and the progress of the nation in the nineteenth centuiy.
After visiting Windsor the group walked to Eton. They went along Thames Street from Windsor Castle down to the river, where Windsor Bridge took them to Eton, Windsor's twin town, on the northern bank. Eton is the home of Eton college, the public school that has produced no fewer than 20 prime ministers. It was term time and they saw a lot of students around, dressed in their distinctive tail coats and wing collars.
Words and expressions
| Windsor | . , , 30,000 | |
| Eton | , | |
| to lie (lay, lied) | , | |
| west | ||
| first and foremost | ||
| castle | [k¸sl] | |
| Windsor Castle | . - / | |
| residence | ||
| to be in residence | ||
| public | , | |
| to be open to t he public | ||
| William the Conqueror | (10271087). 1066 . | |
| to enlarge | ||
| medieval | ||
| vast | ||
| complex | ||
| palace | ||
| chapel | ||
| masterpiece | ||
| perpendicular | [,pýp@n'dIkjul@] | |
| Gothic | ||
| architecture | ['¸kItektS@] | |
| state | ||
| apartment | , (.) | |
| treasure | ||
| furniture | ['fýnItS@] | |
| porcelain | ||
| armour | , | |
| to decorate | ||
| carving | ||
| ceiling | ['sÖlIÎ] | |
| works | ( ) | |
| collection | ||
| painting | ||
| doll | ||
| to design | , | |
| furnishings | ||
| lifesize | ||
| at one-twelfth lifesize | 1/12 | |
| to convert | ||
| waxworks | ||
| to recreate | ['rekrIeIt] | |
| scene | ||
| diamond | ||
| jubilee | [,³übIl'Ö] | |
| to celebrate diamond jubilee | ||
| to rule | ||
| monarch | ||
| to symbolise | ||
| unity | ||
| empire | ||
| progress | ||
| to walk | ||
| bank | ||
| on the bank | ||
| northern bank | ||
| southern bank | ||
| college | ['kolI³] | |
| Eton colledge | - | |
| public school | ||
| Eton public school=Eton college=Eton | ( ) | |
| no fewer than | () | |
| prime minister | ||
| term | ||
| student | ||
| to dress | ||
| to be dressed | ||
| tail coat | ||
| wing collar | ||
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Exercises
1. Insert prepositions:
Sunday morning the group started... an excursion.. Windsor... coach.
Windsor lies 34 km west... London.
Windsor is famous first and foremost. the Windsor Casle.
Many parts of the Castle are open. the public
Some parts are closed when the royal family is residence.
The site Windsor Castle was first defended.. William the Conqueror 1070.
2. Insert articles:
... most impressive of all... castle buildings is St. Georege's Chapel,... masterpiece of perpendicular Gothic architecture
... state apartments, which are always closed to... public comprise 16 rooms
Each room is treasure house of superb furniture, porcelain and armour.
... rooms are decorated with carvings by famous artists
star attraction open to. public is Queen Mary's Doll House.
3. Choose the correct form:
The site of Windsor (defended, was defended) by William the Conqueror
The building of the Castle (enlarged, was enlarged) continually.
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The rooms (decorated, are decorated) with carvings by famous artists.
The furnishings of the Doll's House (design, are designed} at one-twelfth lifesize
Part of the Railway Station (has converted, has been converted) to a waxworks museum
The museum recreates the scene in 1879 when a special train (has arrived, arrived) here to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
4. Match the names of famous figures and their contributions into the history:
| Queen Victoria Madame Tussaud | He designed the Doll's House for Queen Mary. |
| Grinlin Van Dyke Sir Edwin Lutyens William the Conqueror | She contributed a lot to the unity and progress of the nation in the nineteenth century. She was the first to establish a wax-works museum. |
| He is famous for his superb carvings. | |
| He is famous for his master-pieces in | |
| painting. | |
| He defended Windsor in 1070. |
5. Read as in the example:
| Example | 1070 in ten seventy |
| 1879 | 1837 | 1901 | 1923 |
6. Complete the sentences:
In 1070 William the Conqueror...
Queen Victoria was born in...
She died in... at the age of...
In 1879 she arrived in Windsor to celebrate...
In 1923 the Doll's House of Windsor Casle was given to...
7. Translate into Russian:
For the next 900 years the Castle was continuously enlarged growing from a medieval castle to a vast and complex royal palace.
Part of the Railway Station has been converted to a waxworks museum recreating the scene of Queen Victoria's arrival in Windsor.
8. Sum up what the text said about:
Queen Victoria
the history of Windsor Castle
the decorations of the Castle
the Doll's House
the places of the Castle open to the public.
9. Find the answers in the text:
Is Eton far away from Windsor?
How did the participants get there?
What famous college has it got?
How many English prime ministers graduated from Eton?
How are Eton students usually dressed?
Did the participants see any students in the streets of Eton?
Wasit term time?
10. Complete the disjunctive questions:
After visiting Windsor the participants walked to Eton...
They went down to the river and crossed it over the bridge...
Eton is Windsor's twin town...
Eton is the home of Eton college...
About 22 British prime ministers graduated from Eton college...
Eton students wear very curious clothes...
You have never seen Eton students...
Role play.
Imagine you are speaking with an Englishman who is living in Windsor. Ask him a few questions about Windsor and Eton.
Unit forty five
Payments in international trade
Text
On Monday morning the participants resumed their work and listened to the lecture on payments in international trade.
Here is a part of the lecture:
With any form of international trade it is essential to ensure that payment will be received in accordance with the terms of the underlying commercial contract. The most secure and established methods of settling international trade transactions are:
by documentary letters of credit and
by documentary collection bills.
Documentary letters of credit are opened by the importer's bank with a bank in the exporter's country, usually the importing bank's correspondent in the exporting country. Exporters submit to the bank in their country all the shipping, insurance and other documents specified in the letter of credit issued by the importer's bank. If the documents are in order the bank in the exporting country will credit the exporters with the proceeds. The proceeds are reimbursed-by the importer's bank in due course.
Documentary collection bills are presented to the importer's bank or its correspondent by the exporters together with all the shipping, insurance and other documents, specified in the contract. If the documents are in order the importers instruct their bank to pay and they collect the shipping documents then.
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There are a few ways of transferring money from bank to bank. In the recent past these ways were:
mail transfers and
telegraphic transfers.
Now these two types of messages are practically replaced by SWIFT messages. SWIFT stands for the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is a network serving now more than 3,000 banks in about 100 countries. It speeds up payment messages between banks immensely. If sending and receiving banks are both 'logged-in', a message can be delivered in under 20 seconds. Over 1 million messages are sent every day via the computers of SWIFT and its member banks.
The role of correspondent banks is permanently growing. They facilitate and expedite international payments. A correspondent bank is one which carries a deposit balance for another bank located in another city or country and engages in an exchange of services with that bank.
Words and expressions
| essential | [I'senS] | , |
| it is essential to do something | / ... | |
| to ensure | ||
| in accordance with... | ... | |
| underlying | ||
| secure | ||
| established | , | |
| method | , | |
| to settle | ||
| documentary | , | |
| collection bill | : | |
| to submit | , | |
| to issue | ['Isjü] | , |
| to credit somebody with something | - - | |
| exporter | ||
| proceeds | , | |
| to reimburse | [,rÖ:Im'býs] | , |
| due | , | |
| in due course | ||
| to present | , | |
| together with | ||
| to be in order | ||
| in the recent past | ||
| mail transfer | ||
| to replace | ||
| SWIFT | [swIft] | |
| () | ||
| to stand for | ||
| wordwide | ||
| to speed up | ||
| to be logged-in | () | |
| second | ||
| member | , | |
| member bank | , / |
