(Finite Forms of the Verbs)
(Tenses of the Active Voice)
1. (The Present Indefinite Tense)
: V1; V-s (-es) - . .. () don't + V1; doesn't + V1] ().
1: s 3- - [z], - [s]: reads; sees; works.
2: -es :
a) , -: go - goes; do - does;
b) , -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x: teach - teaches ( -es [iz]);
c) , - . i -es: tostudy - studies.
, - : toplay - plays.
:
1. , : Waterfreezesatzero.
2. , : Ioftenwriteletterstomysister.
3:
) Present Indefinite : always, generally, occasionally, frequently, sometimes, often, usually, normally, on a regular basis, regularly, twice a year, once for a while, from time to time, every week, every month, rarely, seldom, hardly, ever, never;
b) - always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never - , to be:
Our manager never makes reports in the morning.
She is always busy.
3. (: at first - ; then - , ; after -.): I come to the office, look through the mail and then write letters.
4. , (PresentContinuous), , Continuous: Iseeashipinthedistance.
4: PresentIndefiniteContinuous, , , : tosee - ; tofeel - ; tohear - ; toknow -; tounderstand - ; towant - ; tolove - ; tobe - ; tobelong - ; toconsist - .
5. , : toleave - ; tostart - ; tosail - ; toreturn -; toarrive - , ; togo - , ; tocome - , . , :
Does your wife arrive on Monday? The steamer sails tomorrow.
5:
) who - ; what - ; whose - ; which - . , . who, what, which - 3- :
|
|
|
Whoknowsthisgirl? - ?
WhichofyouspeaksGermanwell? - -?
What usually stands here? -?
which , . which f; :
Which of your sisters lives in Moscow? -?
Which of the engineers speaks German? - -?
Which of them speaks French? - -?
b) , what, which whose ( ), - , :
What books are on that table? - ?
Which letter comes after "h"? - "h"?
Whose son knows English? - ?
Whose sisters live here? - ?
2. (The Past Indefinite Tense)
: V2; V-ed ( ) didn't + V1, ( )
1: - , [d], - [d]: open - opened; , [t], - [t]: work - worked; [d] [t] - [id]: last - lasted; intend - intended.
2: Indefinite :
a) -, - : tolive - lived;
b) , - , tostudy - studied;
c) _ , : tostay stayed;
d) , , : tostop - stopped.
:
1. ( : yesterday- ; twodaysago - ; theotherday - ; onMonday - ; duringthewar - ; lastyear - ; in 1950 - 1950 ; , when - ):
The goods arrived yesterday. I spoke to him the other day.
: :
called when I was at the Institute.
, : Irecognizedhimwithdifficulty, (: )
2. ( : everyday - ; often - ; usually - ; atfirst, then - , ; after - ):
left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the theatre. When I arrived at the railway station, I went to the booking-office and bought a ticket. I wrote letters to my sister every week.
|
|
|
3. , : While she was in Moscow, she called on us every evening.
PastIndefinite used to:
While she was in Moscow, she used to call on us every evening.
Used , :
Iusedtoread - ,
theyusedtobuy - ,
weusedtoreceive - ,
Used , , ( tobe, toknow, tolive .):
He used to be very strong in his youth. - .
I used to know that man. - .
used to live in Kiev. - .
Used . did, . did:
Usedyou (Didyouuse) totakeEnglishlessonseveryday? - ?
used not (usen't, usedn't) to have dinner at home. - () .
.
3. (The Future Indefinite Tense)
: shall (will) + V1] ( ) shan't (won't) + V1 ( )
:
1. , ( : tomorrow - ; nextweek - ; nextyear - .): willreturntoMoscowinafewdays.
2. ( : everyday - ; often - ; always -): Ishalloftenwriteletterstomysister.
3. ( : atfirst - ; then - ; after -): IshallcomehomeandthenI'llwritealettertomysister.
Indefinite - , - :
1) : MyeldersonwillbeseveninJune, andhe'llgotoschoolthisautumn.
2) () , ( ) :
Ithinkwe'llgototheseasideforourholiday.
Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourholiday.
Idon'tthinkthere'llbemanypeoplethere.
Perhaps the weather'll get better.
He'll probably take part in the conference.
I suppose it'll be useful.
3) Indefinite , : we'llbeontime.
4) Indefinite , :
Just a second! I'll put it down.
I'm hungry. I'll go and have a snack.
Wait here! I'll go and get a taxi.
1. , , , :
, . -1 don'tthinkhe'llcome.
, . -1 don'tthinkthere'llbetime.
, . - doesn'tthinkhe'llbeabletodoitintime.
2.
a) , shall, :
Shall I explain it again? - Yes, please. ? - , .
b) , will , , :
Will you turn down the sound, please? - Certainly.
|
|
|
will would: Would you come back later?
Open the window, would you?
c) - , , :
Will you (won't you) have some tea? - Yes, thank you.
d) will , -, -. just:
Justpressthisbutton, willyou? - , ?
e) shall , letme let's:
Let me turn the sound down, shall I? - , ? Let'shaveabreak, shallwe? - , ?
4. begoing + to
. begoing + to. , , . :
1) , :
Please hold me! I'm going to fall. - , ! .
It is going to be a long and difficult way! - !
2) :
I'm going to say a few words about our new work. - .
How long are you going to stay? - ? isn't going to give up tennis! - .
begoing + : , () .
.
a) to begoing , , :
I haven't spoken to him about it yet, but I'm going to. - , .
b) begoing :
Iwasjustgoingtocallyouwhenyoucame. - , . c) just justgoingto , , , , :
Wait a bit! I'm just going to make a call. - . .
Iwasjustgoingtoexplainit. - .
d) :
thisafternoon - , ,
thisevening -
tonight - 1) ; 2) ()
tomorrow -
|
|
|
tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening, night) - ..
the day after tomorrow -
in a few minutes (hours, days, etc) - (, ..)
in a week -
in two months (in two months' time) - 2
in a year (in a year's time) -
nextweek (month, year, etc) - ( , ..)
someday - - ( )
sometimenextweek (month, year, etc) - - (-) , , ..
inthenextfewdays (weeks, months, etc) - (, ..)
inthenearfuture -
oneofthesedays - ( )
theotherday - ( )
