1. ... 3
2. .. 3
2.1 . 3
2.2 .. 4
2.3 .. 5
2.4 .. 7
2.5 .. 7
2.6 .. 9
2.7 .. 10
3. . 11
4. .. 11
4. 2 11
4. 2 14
4. 3 .. 17
5. .. 22
6. ... 23
7. ... 23
8. ... 23
.. 23
.. 24
.
(; . operational amplifier, OpAmp) , . . , . . . 1
. 1.
.1 () . - (), (NC), (U+, U-). 2.
. 2.
( ), . , (, , , . .).
Fairchild Semiconductor 1963 , . 1968 Fairchild Semiconductor μA741 . . P-N , .
. .
|
|
|
.3
. 3.
:
- 
;
- 
( U+ U- );
- 
( 
);
- 
;
- ( );
- ( U+ = U-, 
);
- 
( );
- ;
- (- () () );
- ( ).
