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From the Times
03.02.2008
Transplantations
By Marlen Dought
The idea of transplanting organs and parts of the body from one person to another is very old. However, the first heart transplant was 1) cond__cted not until 1964 when the American 2) s__ientist, J. M. Hardy, managed to 3) impl__nt a chimpanzee's heart into a man. Unfortunate-ly, the 4) pa__ient died a few minutes after the operation. In 1967, the first successful heart transplant was performed in Kapstadt. After this success a 5) rema__kable progress in the field of medicine has made it possible to transplant not only hearts but also 6) kidne__s, livers or even 7) l__ngs.
Although transplants are not yet 1) __________, they are becoming more and more com-mon. However, they still 2) __________ some serious difficulties. First of all, 3) __________ or-gans must match the patient's blood and 4) __________. Second, the patient's 5) __________ system must be treated medically to 6) __________ the risk of rejection. The greatest problem, however, is not the operation itself but the 7) __________ of organs.
Although it is possible now 1) (being taken, to take) organs without the consent of a dead 2) (person's family, person family), their will is usually respected in case of refusal. Organs 3) (could taken, can be taken) when a person is recognized as "brain-dead". One man 4) (is able, abled) to save even four other people: a taker of heart, liver and two kidneys. Usually young vic-tims of car accidents 5) (becomes, become) sources of organs for transplants. Still, the demand for human organs is enormous. If only they were more readily available, a greater number of lives 6) (could be saved, can be saved).
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InternetFacts
The prototype for the Internet was created in the sixties by the US Defense Department. To ensure that communication could be kept open in the event of a nuclear attack, it created a computer network known as Arpanet the Advanced Research Project Agency Network.The first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another was made by researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on 20 October 1969.The first people to coin the term 'internet' were two scientists, Vinton Cerf (known as 'father of the Internet') and his collaborator Bob Kahn, who in 1974 devised a means by which data could be transmitted across a global-network of computers.An Oxford graduate, Tim Berners-Lee, set up the first 'www server' (a Server receives and sends messages) to store the archive of the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. The first e-mail ever sent was in 1972 between computers in two American universities. The most frequently used search word on the net is "sex", typed in 1,550,000 times every month.
A news website contains as much information as a person of the 18th century could learn. According to the researcher Marting Gilbert from university of Southern California, 18th century person could master no more than 50 books in a lifetime.
Whereas today, an average person is able to absorb the information stored in 600 000 books.Hong Kong is the worlds fastest internet place. It has blazing fast internet, an average peak speed of 54.1 megabits per seconds. At this speed you can download HD movie in about 4 minutes.
The first electronic smiley appeared in 1979 when Kevin McKenzie tried expressing his emotion by electronic means. The very first electronic look like -) then 3 years later Scott Fahlman added colon :)- and it took form 
- as we use to do now a days.Today 81% of emails are spam.And what interesting facts about Internet do you know?
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From the Times
06.07.2006
Radiation Sickness
By Marlen Dought
Radiation Sickness is a 1) ha_mful effect produced on body tissues by 2) expos_re to ra-dioactive substances. The biological action of radiation is not fully understood, but it is believed that a 3) dist_rbance in 4) _ellular activity results from the chemical changes 5) c_used by ioniza-tion. Some body tissues are more sensitive to radiation than others and are more easily 6) aff_cted; the cells in the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow, spleen, and 7) l_mph nodes) are ex-tremely sensitive.
Radiation sickness may occur from exposure to a single massive emanation such as a 1) _______ explosion, or it may occur after repeated exposure to even very small doses in a plant or 2) _______, since radiation effects are cumulative. Moreover, 3) _______radiation in suffi-cient quantity is enough to cause tissue destruction; persons unduly exposed to sunlight, such as 4) _______ and sailors, have a far greater incidence of skin cancer than has the general popula-tion. Radiation sickness may be fairly mild and transitory, consisting of weakness, loss of 5) _______, vomiting, and diarrhea. A mild dose of radiation increases the tendency to bleed and reduces the body's defense 6) _______ infection. After a massive dose of radiation the reaction may be so severe that death quickly ensues. This is usually due to severe 7) _______or hemor-rhage, to infection, or to dehydration.
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Persons working with radioactive materials or X rays 1) (protect, protects) 2) (theirselves, themselves) from excessive exposure to radiation by shields and special clothing usually contain-ing lead. Processes involving radioactive substances 3) (is observing, are observed) through thick plates of specially prepared glass that exclude the harmful 4) (raies, rays). A dosimeter, a device measuring the amount of radiation to which an individual 5) (have being exposed, has been ex-posed), is always 6) (wear, worn) by persons working in radioactive areas.
. Revision.
1. Present Perfect.
2. PresentPerfect. .
Ex. 1. Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs: arrive break fall go up grow improve leave lose
| 1. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. | He has lost his key. |
| 2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. | She |
| 3. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. | The bus fare |
| 4. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. | Her English |
| 5. Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. | He |
| 6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. | The letter |
| 7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12. | The |
| 8. What time is David leaving? | He __________ already. |
| 9. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? | No, she _______ already _______ this film. |
| 10. Do you know where Julia is? | Yes, I _______ just ______ her. |
3. PastPerfect. 䳿, . ?
