.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


 

, , . . - Mf. , .4.1, , XN + h N IN. ,

(4.19)

IN xN, xN 1,... N. Mf, .

2 , (2.19) ,

(2.19)

ψ0 = 1; { at } σ2.

, (2.19), . XN + h [1]

(4.20)

 

(4.20) :

ψ j - ;

N, .. { xt, t ≤ N } - .

{ at, t ≤ N }, { at }. (4.20) , (2.19) at , at - .

. , , N; . (4.20), , , : 1) at ; 2) Xt ; 3) Xt at .

.

4.5. AR (1): Xt = 1 Xt - 1 + at

:

x ( h =1)-1 - , , x ( h = 1)-1 = xN;

ah = 1 = 0 .

(4.21)

:

x ( h =2)-1 = xh =1; , , : x ( h =2)-1 = xh =1= .

ah = 2 = 0 .

(4.22)

l , , xN + l,

(4.23)

i < 0.

, AR (p) E (Xt) l → ∞. , . ■

4.6. (1): Xt = at + θ1 t 1

:

,

ah = 1 = 0 ; a ( h = 1) -1 = aN,

. (4.24)

:

: ah = 2 = 0; a ( h = 2)-1 = ah = 1 = 0,

. (4.25)

- , (1) hq.

l :

l ≥ 2. , (1) . . ■

4.7. AR (1,1): Xt = 1 Xt - 1 + at + θ1 t 1

:

,

x (h = 1)-1 = xN; ah= 1 = 0; a (h= 1)-1 = aN,

(4.26)

:

x ( h =2)-1 = xh =1= ; ah = 2 = 0; a ( h = 2) -1 =0,

(4.27)

l , ,

l i ≤ 0;

aN (l i) > 0, l i > 0;

aN (l i) = ah+l i, l i ≤ 0. ■

. . , , (4.20). , , , (4.26), ,

, (4.28)

, .

, f.

ARIMA (p, d, q).

4.8. ARI (1,1,1): Xt = 1 (1 - B) Xt - 1 + at + θ1 t 1.

ARI (1,1,1)

Xt = (1 + 1) Xt - 1 - 1 Xt - 1 + at + θ1 t 1.

:

x (h = 1)-1 = xN; x (h = 1)-2 = xN- 1; ah= 1 = 0; a (h= 1)-1 = aN.

. (4.29)

:

x (h =2)-1 = xh =1= ; x (h =2)-2 = ; ah= 2 = 0; a (h= 2)-1 = 0.

(4.30)

l . ■

ARI (0,1,1),

Xt = Xt - 1 + at + θ1 t 1.

:

x (h = 1)-1 = xN; ah= 1 = 0; a (h= 1)-1 = aN.

(4.31)

(4.31)

(4.32)

(4.32) (4.6), , .

 

 

1. Chatfield C. Time-series forecasting. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London, 2000. - 266.

2. Chatfield C. The Analysis of Time SeriesAn Introduction. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London, 2005. - 358.

3. Vapnik V. N. Statistical Learning Theory. N. Y.: Wiley.1998. - 626 .

4. .. . . , , 1941, . 5, 1, . 3-14.

5. Wiener N. Extrapolation, interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series, N. Y., 2013 (Reprint of 1949 Edition). -174.

6. Hilborn R.C. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics. - New-York, Oxford University Press, 2000. - 650.

7. Hyndman R. J., Koehler A. B., Snyder R. D. & Grose S. A state space framework for automatic forecasting using exponential smoothing methods. International Journal of Forecasting, 2002,18, 439454.

8. Brown, R. G. Smoothing, forecasting and prediction of discrete time series. Englewood Cliffs, NJ7 Prentice-Hall.1963. - 468.

 


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