5
5.1 . 2
5.2 . 7
5.3 . 13
5.4 . 21
5.5 . 29
5.6 . 43
, R (p), M (q), RM (p, q). . , , . , , . . . , .
, . , .
, , , .. , . , , - . -. - . . . , [1].
(5.1)
- ; n - ( ).
(5.1) , , - ∞ + ∞. , , (5.1), .
,
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(5.2)
(5.2), v (t) , ck φ k. , v (t), , .. 1/ T. . 1/ T , 2/ T - ..
(5.2)
(5.3)
k = ck cos φ k; bk = ck sin φ k; ck = ( k 2 + bk 2)1/2; tg φ k = bk / k. k bk
0
(5.2), (5.3) ,
(5.4)
2 Ck = ck e - jφk = k - jbk; c 0 = C 0. 2 Ck ,
(5.5)
. , T → ∞. , .
(5.4) Ck (5.5):
(5.6)
, T . 1/ ω1 = 2π / , . : T → ∞, ω1 → d ω, 2π k / → ω, ω - , ; d ω - .
(5.6) ,
(5.7)
堠
(5.8)
(5.7), (5.8) . - , : v (t) V (ω). (5.7) , , v (t) . v (t) , , .
, , , . , .. . , , , ; - . , , .
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. (5.2)
(5.9)
ω1 = 2π / T - .
(5.9) , v (t) ck φ k. ck , φ k - . , .
ck ω = k ω1. , k ω1 ck. , (.5.1).
.5.1
, .5.1, . , - , .. .
, , , . . . (5.7) dC
, V (ω) = dC / d ω. , V (ω) , . V (ω) , () Φ (ω)= | V (ω)| .
, , () , sin t, cos t ( exp (it) = cos t + i sin t, i = (-1)0,5) .
. , .
(5.10)
R - ; - ; { Zt }- .
(5.10) , . , - , , . , , , (5.10) ࠠ
, (5.11)
Rj, j , , .
, (5.11), , { Rj } { } - (0, π).
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(5.11) , ..
, (5.12)
(5.3) (5.12) , Zt, , . : (5.12). [2], h → ∞ , ,
, (5.13)
u (ω), v (ω) - , (0, π).
(5.13) , , . , Xt . , , (5.13). ∞, , , (0,π),
ω = π . , Δ t, π / Δ t.
(5.13) , , (0...π) . u (ω), v (ω) (5.13) . F (ω), (), . - [3], , () γ(h) F (ω) ,
(5.14)
(5.14) . , F (ω) : (0,π). ,
, , π, , π.
(5.14), h = 0,
ω = 0 ω = π F (ω) . " " "", : . - . . , . .
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(0...π) ω. f (ω),
(5.15)
, . f (ω) , (5.14)
(5.16)
(5.16) , (5.14). h = 0,
(5.17)
, . (5.17) , . . , F (ω) 0 π, (0...π), .
.5.2 .
) )
.5.2 () ()
, γ(h) f (ω) . . , . , - .
(5.16) γ(h) f (ω) . γ(h), .. , ꠠ
(5.18)
, . γ(h) h,
(5.19)
(5.19) , ω0, ω = ω0. , F (ω) , , ω0. , f (ω) ω0. , (5.19) f (ω).
(5.20)
(5.21)
(5.20), (5.21) -.
:
1. 1 f (ω) - , .. | f (ω)| = f (ω).
2. f (ω) , .. f (ω) = f (- ω).
3. f (ω) = f (ω + 2π), , f (ω) - , 2π.
4. (5.21)
, f (ω) . , .