.


:




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.

 

.

:

y1 = a11x1 + a12x2

y2 = a12x1 + a22x2

1 2 .

,

(1, 2) = 11 + 22.

 

, 1 2 .

, , . , , , .

, :

.

 

1 2 . :

 

.

 

. .

.

 

.

(1, 2) = 27 .

 

: 11 = 27, 12 = 5, 22 = 3.

: ;

(27 - l)(3 - l) 25 = 0

l2 - 30l + 56 = 0

l1 = 2; l2 = 28;

 

 

 

. :

17x2 + 12xy + 8y2 20 = 0.

 

11 = 17, 12 = 6, 22 = 8. =

:

(17 - l)(8 - l) - 36 = 0

136 - 8l - 17l + l2 36 = 0

l2 - 25l + 100 = 0

l1 = 5, l2 = 20.

: - .

 

. , . .

: :

, l1 = 2, l2 = 6.

:

m1 = 1, n1 =

m2 = 1, n2 =

:

.

:

:

. , . .

: :

, l1 = 1, l2 = 11.

:

m1 = 1, n1 =

m2 = 1, n2 =

:

.

:

:

 

 

. , . .

4 + 32 + 16 = 0

 

: a11 = 0; a12 = 2; a22 = 3.

:

: l1 = -1, l2 = 4.

 

l1 = -1 l2 = 4

 

m1 = 1; n1 = -0,5; m2 = 1; n2 = 2;

 

= (1; -0,5) = (1; 2)

: - .

 

 

 

, .

 

 

.

.

. n n, ,

x1, 2, , n = {xn}

 

n.

xn = f(n)

.

, .

 

. {xn} = {(-1)n} {xn} = -1; 1; -1; 1;

{xn} = {sinpn/2} {xn} = 1; 0; 1; 0;

 

:

 

1) m: m{xn} = {mxn}, .. mx1, mx2,

2) () : {xn} {yn} = {xn yn}.

3) : {xn}×{yn} = {xn×yn}.

4) : {yn} ¹ 0.

 

 

.

. {xn} , >0, n :

 

.. (-; M).

 

. {xn} , n ,

 

xn £ M.

 

. {xn} , n ,

 

xn ³ M

 

. {xn} = n {1, 2, 3, }.

 

 

. {xn}, e>0 N, n > N :

 

: lim xn = a.

, {xn} n¥.

 

: - , , , .

 

. , lim .

 

n > N , .. . , , N , , , .

 

. , n¥ 3, 2.

 

: {xn}= 2 + 1/n; 1/n = xn 2

, n, , .. lim {xn} = 2.

 

. .

 

. , {xn} a b, .

xn a; xn b; a ¹ b.

e >0,

:

.. e- , , .. a = b. .

 

 

. xn a, .

 

. xn a , . :

 

, .. , .. . .

 

 

. xn a, { xn } .

 

, , .. .

 

, ,

 

 

.

 

. 1) xn+1 > xn n, .

2) xn+1 ³ xn n, .

3) xn+1 < xn n, .

4) xn+1 £ xn n,

 

. .

 

. {xn} = 1/n

{xn} = n .

 

. , {xn}= .

 

{xn+1}=

: {xn}-{xn+1}=

, .. nÎN, n.

, xn+1 > xn. , .

 

 

.

{xn} = .

 

.

, .. nÎN, 1 4n <0, .. n+1 < xn. .

 

, .

 

. .

 

.

 

1 £ 2 £ 3 £ £ n £ xn+1 £

 

: xn £ M, .

.. , , , e>0 N, xN > a - e, .

.. {xn}- , N > n - e < xN £ xn,

xn > a - e.

a - e < xn < a + e

-e < xn a < e ôxn - aô< e, .. lim xn = a.

 

.

.

 

 

.

 

{xn} = .

{xn} , .

:

,

, {xn} . , xn+1 xn:

xn+1 xn, , , xn+1 . , {xn} .

, n : xn < 3.

, - , .. . .

, £ 3. {xn} , , :

,

, 2,5 3. , .

, 2,71828

, , :

:

.

y = lnx.

 

 

.

 

= 10, lnx = ln10y, lnx = yln10

= , = 1/ln10 0,43429- .

.

 

y f(x)

 

A + e

A

A - e

 

0 a - D a a + D x

 

f(x) = (.. = )

 

. f(x) , e>0 D>0, ,

 

0 < ïx - aï < D

 ïf(x) - Aï< e.

 

:

- D < x < a + D, x ¹ a, - e < f(x) < A + e.

 

:

 

. f(x) A1 x < a, - f(x) = , f(x) A2 x > a, f(x) = .

 

 

f(x)

 

2

 

1

 

0 a x

 

 

, f(x) = , .

1 2 f(x) = . , f(x).

 

.

. f(x) ¥, e>0 >0, , ïï>M

, f(x) .

:

 

:

 


y y

 

 

A A

 

0 0

x x

 

 

y y

 

 


A A

 

0 0

x x

 

>M

<M.

 

 

.

1. , = const.

 

, f(x) g(x) .

 

2.

.

 

3.

.

 

4.

 

5. f (x)>0 = , >0.

f(x) < 0, f(x) ³ 0, f(x) £ 0.

 

6. g (x) £ f (x) £ u (x) = , .

 

. f(x) = , >0, ïf(x)ï<M = .

 

7. f (x) , = .

. , .. ,

, ..

= e + ïï

.

 

 

.

 

 

. f(x) , ¥, +¥ -¥, .

. .

 

. f(x) = xn 0 1, .. .

 

. , f (x) , , , =

f (x) = A + a (x),

a () (a () 0 ).

 

:

 

1) .

2) .

3) , = .

4) , .

 

, , .

 

2. f(x) = A + a(x), g(x) = B + b(x),

,

f(x) g(x) = (A + B) + a(x) + b(x)

A + B = const, a() + b() ,

.

 

3. f(x) = A + a(x), g(x) = B + b(x),

,

A×B = const, a() b() ,

.

 

 



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