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.

. - , .. , , . , .. , .

. , . , , , .

, . , , - , , , , , .

- .

, , . . .

, n 4< n < 20 . :

4=2+2; 6=3+3; 8=5+3; 10=7+3; 12=7+5;

14=7+7; 16=11+5; 18=13+5; 20=13+7.

, .

, , .

, ( ).

, , , , , , . , , .

, , n . :

1=1=12

1+3=4=22

1+3+5=9=32

1+3+5+7=16=42

1+3+5+7+9=25=52

:

1+3+5++(2n-1)=n2 .. n n2

, .

. , . .

, . .

n ( , n n2). n , . , n=1. , k n=k n=k+1.

n. , n=1. n=1+1=2. n=2 n=2+1=3. n=4 .. , , , n. , n.

, .

.

(n), n, n=1 , n=k ( k- ), , n=k+1, (n) n.

, n>p, p- . .

(n) n=p (k) Þ (k+1) k>p, (n) n>p.

. n=1, .. (1). . , . n=k+1 n=k ( ), .. , (k)Þ A(k+1).

1

, 1+3+5++(2n-1)=n2.

: 1) n=1=12. , n=1, .. (1) .

2) , (k)Þ A(k+1).

k- - n=k, ..

1+3+5++(2k-1)=k2.

, n=k+1, ..

1+3+5++(2k+1)=(k+1)2.

,

1+3+5++(2k-1)+(2k+1)=k2+2k+1=(k+1)2.

, (k)Þ (k+1). , - (n) nÎ N.

2

,

1++2+3++n=(n+1-1)/(-1), ¹ 1

: 1) n=1

1+=(2-1)/(-1)=(-1)(+1)/(-1)=+1

, n=1 ; (1) .

2) k- n=k, ..

1++2+3++k=(k+1-1)/(-1).

,

1++2+3++k+xk+1=(xk+2-1)/(-1).

1++2+x3++k+xk+1=(1+x+x2+x3++xk)+xk+1=(xk+1-1)/(x-1)+xk+1=(xk+2-1)/(x-1).

, (k)Þ A(k+1). , - n.

3

, n- n(n-3)/2.

: 1) n=3 -

123AkAk+1- (k+1)--. A1Ak. - (k+1)-- k- A1A2Ak, k-2, .. (k+1)-, k+1, , , 1k.

,

Äk+1Ä=k+(k-2)+1=k(k-3)/2+k-1=(k+1)(k-2)/2.

, (k)Þ A(k+1). n-.

4

, n -:

12+22+32++n2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6.

: 1) n=1,

1=12=1(1+1)(2+1)/6=1.

, n=1 .

2) , n=k

k=k2=k(k+1)(2k+1)/6.

3) - n=k+1

Xk+1=(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)/6.

Xk+1=12+22+32++k2+(k+1)2=k(k+1)(2k+1)/6+ +(k+1)2=(k(k+1)(2k+1)+6(k+1)2)/6=(k+1)(k(2k+1)+

+6(k+1))/6=(k+1)(2k2+7k+6)/6=(k+1)(2(k+3/2)(k+

+2))/6=(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)/6.

n=k+1, , - , - n.

5

, n - :

13+23+33++n3=n2(n+1)2/4.

: 1) n=1.

1=13=12(1+1)2/4=1.

, n=1 .

2) , n=k

Xk=k2(k+1)2/4.

3) - n=k+1, ..

k+1=(k+1)2(k+2)2/4. Xk+1=13+23++k3+(k+1)3=k2(k+1)2/4+(k+1)3=(k2(k++1)2+4(k+1)3)/4=(k+1)2(k2+4k+4)/4=(k+1)2(k+2)2/4.

, - n=k+1, , - n.

6

,

((23+1)/(23-1))´ ((33+1)/(33-1))´ ´ ((n3+1)/(n3-1))=3n(n+1)/2(n2+n+1), n>2.

: 1) n=2 :(23+1)/(23-1)=(3´ 2´ 3)/2(22+2+1),

.. .

2) , n=k

(23+1)/(23-1)´ ´ (k3+1)/(k3-1)=3k(k+1)/2(k2+k+1).

3) n=k+1.

(((23+1)/(23-1))´ ´ ((k3+1)/(k3-1)))´ (((k+1)3+

+1)/((k+1)3-1))=(3k(k+1)/2(k2+k+1))´ ((k+2)((k+

+1)2-(k+1)+1)/k((k+1)2+(k+1)+1))=3(k+1)(k+2)/2´

´ ((k+1)2+(k+1)+1).

n=k+1, , - , n>2

7

,

13-23+33-43++(2n-1)3-(2n)3=-n2(4n+3)

n.

: 1) n=1,

13-23=-13(4+3); -7=-7.

2) , n=k,

13-23+33-43++(2k-1)3-(2k)3=-k2(4k+3).

3) - n=k+1

(13-23++(2k-1)3-(2k)3)+(2k+1)3-(2k+2)3=-k2(4k+3)+

+(2k+1)3-(2k+2)3=-(k+1)3(4(k+1)+3).

n=k+1, - n.

8

(12/1´ 3)+(22/3´ 5)++(n2/(2n-1)´ (2n+1))=n(n+1)/2(2n+1)

n.

:

1) n=1 12/1´ 3=1(1+1)/2(2+1).

2) , n=k

(12/1´ 3)++(k2/(2k-1)´ (2k+1))=k(k+1)/2(2k+1).

3) , n=k+1.

(12/1´ 3)++(k2/(2k-1)(2k+1))+(k+1)2/(2k+1)(2k+3)=(k(k+1)/2(2k+1))+((k+1)2/(2k+1)(2k+3))=((k+1)/(2k+1))´ ((k/2)+((k+1)/(2k+3)))=(k+1)(k+2)´ (2k+1)/2(2k+1)(2k+3)=(k+1)(k+2)/2(2(k+1)+1).

, - n.

9

, (11n+2+122n+1) 133 .

: 1) n=1,

113+123=(11+12)(112-132+122)=23´ 133.

(23´ 133) 133 , n=1 ; (1) .

2) , (11k+2+122k+1) 133 .

3) ,

(11k+3+122k+3) 133 . 11k+3+122+3=11´ 11k+2+122´ 122k+1=11´ 11k+2+

+(11+133)´ 122k+1=11(11k+2+122k+1)+133´ 122k+1.

133 , 133 - , 133. , (k)Þ (k+1). - .

10

, n 7n-1 6 .

: 1) n=1, 1=71-1=6 - 6 . n=1 - .

2) , n=k

7k-1 6 .

3) , n=k+1.

Xk+1=7k+1-1=7´ 7k-7+6=7(7k-1)+6.

6, 7k-1 6 , - 6. 7n-1 6 n. - .

11

, 33n-1+24n-3 - n 11.

: 1) n=1,

1=33-1+24-3=32+21=11 11 -. , n=1 .

2) , n=k

Xk=33k-1+24k-3 11 .

3) , n=k+1.

Xk+1=33(k+1)-1+24(k+1)-3=33k+2+24k+1=33´ 33k-1+24´ 24k-3=

=27´ 33k-1+16´ 24k-3=(16+11)´ 33k-1+16´ 24k-3=16´ 33k-1+

+11´ 33k-1+16´ 24k-3=16(33k-1+24k-3)+11´ 33k-1.

11 , 33k-1+24k-3 11 -, 11, 11. - 11 n. - .

12

, 112n-1 - n 6 .

: 1) n=1, 112-1=120 6 . n=1 - .

2) , n=k

112k-1 6 .

3) , n=k+1

112(k+1)-1=121´ 112k-1=120´ 112k+(112k-1).

6 : - 6- 120, - 6 . 6 . .

13

, 33n+3-26n-27 n 262(676) .

: , 33n+3-1 26 .

1. n=0

33-1=26 26

2. , n=k

33k+3-1 26

3. , n=k+1.

33k+6-1=27´ 33k+3-1=26´ 33+3+(33k+3-1) 26

-, .

1) , n=1 -

33+3-26-27=676

2) , n=k 33k+3-26k-27 262 .

3) , n=k+1

33k+6-26(k+1)-27=26(33k+3-1)+(33k+3-26k-27).

262; 262, 26 , , . - .

14

, n>2 >0,

(1+)n>1+n´ .

: 1) n=2 -,

(1+)2=1+2+2>1+2.

, (2) .

2) , (k)Þ A(k+1), k> 2. , (k) , ..,

(1+)k>1+k´ x. (3)

, (k+1) , ..,

(1+x)k+1>1+(k+1)´ x.

, (3) 1+,

(1+x)k+1>(1+k´ x)(1+x).

;

(1+k´ x)(1+x)=1+(k+1)´ x+k´ x2>1+(k+1)´ x.

,

(1+)k+1>1+(k+1)´ x.

, (k)Þ A(k+1). , n> 2.

15

,

(1+a+a2)m> 1+m´ a+(m(m+1)/2)´ a2 > 0.

: 1) m=1

(1++2)1> 1++(2/2)´ 2 .

2) , m=k

(1+a+a2)k>1+k´ a+(k(k+1)/2)´ a2

3) , m=k+1 -

(1+a+a2)k+1=(1+a+a2)(1+a+a2)k>(1+a+a2)(1+k´ a+

+(k(k+1)/2)´ a2)=1+(k+1)´ a+((k(k+1)/2)+k+1)´ a2+

+((k(k+1)/2)+k)´ a3+(k(k+1)/2)´ a4> 1+(k+1)´ a+

+((k+1)(k+2)/2)´ a2.

m=k+1, , - , - m.

16

, n>6

3n>n´ 2n+1.

:

(3/2)n>2n.

1. n=7

37/27=2187/128>14=2´ 7

.

2. , n=k

(3/2)k>2k.

3) - n=k+1.

3k+1/2k+1=(3k/2k)´ (3/2)>2k´ (3/2)=3k>2(k+1).

k>7, .

- n.

17

, n>2

1+(1/22)+(1/32)++(1/n2)<1,7-(1/n).

: 1) n=3

1+(1/22)+(1/32)=245/180<246/180=1,7-(1/3).

2. , n=k

1+(1/22)+(1/32)++(1/k2)=1,7-(1/k).

3) n=k+1

(1+(1/22)++(1/k2))+(1/(k+1)2)<1,7-(1/k)+(1/(k+1)2).

, 1,7-(1/k)+(1/(k+1)2)<1,7-(1/k+1)Û

Û (1/(k+1)2)+(1/k+1)<1/kÛ (k+2)/(k+1)2<1/kÛ

Û k(k+2)<(k+1)2Û k2+2k<k2+2k+1.

,

1+(1/22)+(1/32)++(1/(k+1)2)<1,7-(1/k+1).

- .

, , , , .

, .. , . . -, .

, , , .

:

, ,

/ .., .., ... 1996.



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