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TOPIC 7. THE HUMAN BODY
1. Fill in the gaps with the missing remarks
Teacher: Good day. Nice to see you.
Student:
Teacher: As you know, there are 7 Wonders of the World. To my mind, the human body is the
the 8 th one. Do you keep your body in good form? What do you do?
Student:
Teacher: Lets open the secrets of the human body because people say A sound mind in
a sound body. Remember it.
3.Study the new words.
The Parts of the Body
He Internal Organs of the Body
The Organs of the Digestive System
The Organs of the Respiratory System
The Organs of the Urinary System
4. Fill in the gaps. Use the new words
The Human Body
| 1. trunk 2. extremities 3. contain 4. consist 5. gums | 6. palate 7. abdomen 8. upperarm 9. forearm 10. hand |
In the practical Anatomy class we study the human body. The principal parts of the human body are the , the trunk, the extremities. We have upper extremities () and of the lower extremities ().
The head consists of two parts: the skull and the face. The skull contains and the face consists of the , the , the , the , the , the and the .
The mouth has two lips. In the mouth cavity there are gums, a and a palate. The head is connected with the trunk by . The upper part of the trunk is the and the lower part is the abdomen. The principle organs in the chest are the , the and the . We breathe with the lungs and the heart makes beats.
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The principal organs of the abdominal cavity are the , the , the , the , the , the and the .
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the .. The upper extremity consists of the upperarm, the elbow, the forearm, the wrist and the hand. We have four and a on each hand. The lower extremity consists of the , the , the , the and the . The skin covers the body.
5. Answer the questions
1.What do the students study in the Anatomy class?
2.What are the principal parts of the body?
3.What parts does the head consist of?
4.What is there in the mouth?
5.What are the principal organs of the chest?
6.What are the principal organs of the abdominal cavity?
6.What are these organs of the body?
| 1. verli 2. gerfin 3. unlg 4. neydik 5. ladderb | 6. seno 7. doabmen 8. toschma 9. ethte 10. refohead |
7.Name the parts of the body
8.Complete the sentences
1. The hand has five
2. You smell with your
3. An adult has 32
4. The is a symbol of love.
5. You hear with your
6. The child sat on the fathers
7. You breathe with your
8. is a container of food.
9.Speak English.
1. , .
2. .
3. , .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , , , , , .
7. , , , .
8. , , , .
10. Match the English proverb with its Russian equivalents. Comment on the their meanings
| 1.Two heads are better than one. 2.Better bend the neck than bruise the forehead. 3.Dont look a gift horse in the mouth. 4.Better the foot slip than the tongue. 5.Walls have ears. 6.Fear has magnifying eyes. 7.A horse stumbles that has four legs. 8.Scratch my back and I scratch yours. | 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. . 5. , . 6. . 7. , . 8. , . |
11. Speak about the human body
TOPIC 8. THE SKELETON
1. Fill in the gaps with the missing remarks
Teacher: Good day. Nice to see you. Do you know the saying Every family has a skeleton in
the cupboard.
Student:
Teacher: It means that everybody has a secret which he tries to keep. But we will tell all
the secrets about our skeleton.
2. Look at the picture and translate the names of the bones into Russian
| 1. skull 2. cervical vertebrae 3. clavicle (collar-bone) 4. humerus 5. scapula (shoulder-blade) 6. breastbone 7. rib 8. lumber vertebrae 9. radius 10. ulna 11. carpals 12. phalanges 13. femur 14. knee cap (patella) 15. tibia 16. fibula 17. tarsals 18. metatarsals 19. pelvis | 
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3. Read and translate the text about the human skeleton.
The Skeleton
1. bony framework
2. spine
3. thorax
4. joints
5. ligaments
6. cartilages
7. sacral vertebrae
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8. coccyx
The skeleton is the bony framework of the body. It consists of 208 bones of various size and shapes. The skeleton gives support to soft tissues. It protects delicate structures such as the brain, the heart and the lungs. The joints, cartilages and ligaments between the bones determine the degree and the quality of the motion. The bones forming the skeleton are divided into the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk, and the bones of the upper and lower extremities.
26 bones of the head form the skull which protects the brain. The bones of the trunk are the spinal column (spine) and the thorax. The thorax includes 12 pairs of ribs and the breastbone. In the spine there are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumber, 5 sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.
The arms join the body at the shoulder. The shoulder is formed of two bones the collar-bone (clavicle) in front and the shoulder-blade (scapula) behind. The bones of the upper extremity are humerus, ulna and radius. The bones of the lower extremity are femur, tibia and fibula.
The skeleton gives the upright strength to the body. The bones serve as a storehouse for calcium and phosphorus.
4. Match the bones of the skeleton and its functions
| 1.skull 2.bones 3.skeleton 4.thorax 5.joints, ligaments, cartilages | gives support to soft tissues. protects the brain. protects the heart and lungs. serve as a storehouse for calcium and phosphorus. determine the degree and the quality of the motion. gives upright strength to the body. |
5. Fill in the gaps using the text
1. The skeleton is .
2. The skeleton protects
3. 26 bones of the head
4. The bones of the trunk are
5. The thorax includes
6. In the spine there are
7. The shoulder is formed
8. The bones of the upper extremity are
9. The bones of the lower extremity are
6. Answer the questions
1.What do the joints, cartilages and ligaments determine?
2.What groups of the bones form the human skeleton?
3.What do the bones serve as?
7.Make up the sentences
1. is, the skeleton, framework, bony, the.
2. consists of, 223, the skeleton, bones.
3. the skull, the bones of, form, the head.
4. the thorax, the bones of, the spinal column, the trunk, are.
5. includes, the breastbone, the thorax, and, the ribs.
6. the shoulder, are, the bones of, and, the clavicle, the scapula.
8. Match the idiomatic expressions and their Russian equivalents. Learn them
| 1.all skin and bone 2.brain twister 3.bone of contention 4.cudgel the brains 5.head of the family 6.get into ones head 7.have ones head in the clouds 8.from head to toe | a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. |
9. Fill in the gaps with one of the idiomatic expressions
1.The old man was just
2.The money prize became between them.
3.Mr. Thompson is.. of the noble family.
4.You should to solve this problem.
5.She is in work
6.When one falls in love he
7.It is not easy to Latin grammar of the students.
8.Peter is a clever boy. He easily does
10. Speak about the human skeleton (structure, function)
TOPIC 9. MUSCLES
1. Teacher: What do you know about muscles?
1.1. Read the information below and find the answers to the following questions.
1. Why are muscles important?
2. What are muscles?
3. Do I have lots of muscles?
4. What types of muscles are there?
5. What do muscles do?
6. How do muscles move?
7. Can you hurt muscles?
1.2. Pay attention to the new words for better understanding.
1. tissue
2. elongated cells
3. contraction (contract) ()
4. major reasons
5. propel (),
6. motion (movement)
7. move
8. make up ,
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9. voluntary(involuntary) ()
10. mend ,
11. striated muscles
12. smooth muscles
13. cardiac muscles
14. attach
15. tendon
1. Muscle is a tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or a part of the body.
2. Muscles are very important for two major reasons:1. Muscles are the "engine" that our bodies use to propel ourselves. They turn energy into motion. 2. It would be impossible for you to do anything without your muscles.
3. Muscles simply move you! Without muscles you couldn't open your mouth, speak, shake hands, walk, talk, or move your food through your digestive system. There would be no running, climbing, smiling, blinking and breathing. The fact is, without muscles, you wouldn't be alive for very long.
4. On average, 40% of your body weight is in muscles. You have over 650 muscles that move you.
5. The cells that make up muscles contract and then relax back to original size. The cells of your muscles use chemical energy from the food you eat to do this. Without food, and particular kinds of nutrients, your muscles wouldn't be able to make the energy to contract. Muscles can be voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can move whenever you want to. Involuntary muscles contract and relax automatically inside your body. We cannot control our involuntary muscles.
6. Yes. If you hear someone says that they have "pulled" a muscle, they have, in fact, torn a muscle in the same way that you can tear a ligament or break a bone. And, like other living body parts, they generally mend themselves.
7. There are three types of muscles: striated muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. Smooth muscles make up the walls of the internal organs and control their movement. They are involuntary muscles. Striated muscles move bones. They muscles work in pairs. When one contracts, the other relaxes. These muscles are attach ed to bone by tendons. They are voluntary muscles. Cardiac muscles make up the heart and control its contractions.
2.Make up the vocabulary to the topic Muscles. Find the English equivalents of the given words.
1. -
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.Write out all the actions from the text which you couldnt do without muscles
I couldnt speak /
4. Fill in the table according to the types of muscles
| Smooth muscles | Striated muscles | Cardiac muscles |
1. They are special fibrous tissues of the body.
2. They are involuntary muscles.
3. They are voluntary muscles.
4. They are attached to bones by tendons.
5. They make up the walls of the internal organs.
6. They manipulate the bones of the skeleton.
7. They control the contractions of the heart.
8. They contract and relax automatically inside your body.
9. You can move these muscles when you want.
10. They turn energy into motion.
11. These muscles work in pairs: when one contracts, the other relaxes.
12. These muscles make up the heart.
5.Speak about muscles.
