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.  .

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: (, ); ; - , ' d u c - (. discursus ), 䳿 , .

(. communicatio Ⳮ) . (. pragma , ), , , . , , 䳿 (/ congratulate you), (I'll come some time), (He'll pay you). () . please, ' (Please go away).

, ' . (. inter , action ) (, , ' ), ' . , , , , . : Ⳮ {Good morning! Good morning!); (Like a lift? You saved my life!/ Thanks, but I am waiting); (Excuse me! / quite understand); (How much was it? Pound fifty).

, , , ': How are you? Fine. Thank you. And how are you? Not too bad, I am glad to say.

, , : how nice; that's interesting; oh; dear; how awful; I see; did you; right.

ֳ . , What is this? : , .

() , , - . : ( 0,5 ), ( 0,5 1,2 ), , (1,2 3,5 ), ( 3,5 ).

- (. ): ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ). , : '  ; ﳭ ; . (/ think, I believe, I suppose, I'm afraid, I dare say, I must confess).

(. societas , . linguistique, . lingua ), , (. gender , ) , . , they, , he Has anyone brought their camera? man (chairperson, humankind ). , , (The weather is nice, isn't it?), so, very, (about, around), . , .

ϳ ' ( ) . , , , . . , , . , XVII ., . , guess, fall, , mad .

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. , 䳿 . , , - 䳺.

䳺 , Present Simple Past Simple. , , Present Simple, .

Present Continuous Past Continuous .

(. cognitio ) , 䳿 . , . .

, , , ' . {honey, sugar, sand) {advice). ', , {cattle, people). , , (cows) (two cows). ' (a cow). ', ' (a turkey turkey). furniture : ' .

(. perceptio ) , , , , . , ' , (A dog attacked a man). ϳ a dog 䳿, a man , attack 䳿.

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(. anthropos . centrum ) , , . , 䳺 , .

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(. psyche logos ) .

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, , . , 䳿, , Continuous ( 䳿 : ?). , , fortnight, . , : twenty-four hours, day and night.

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(. emotion, . emovere , ) ' . , , , , , , . , , .

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