C2H4 C4H8 , C5H10 C16H32 - , C17H34 . . .
6. .
I. .
1.
1 2 3
CH2=CH CH3 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH3
2.
1 2 3
CH2=CH CH3 + Br Br → CH2 CH CH3
| |
Br Br
1,2-
3. ( : HX ( X -Hal, -OH ..) - , X )
1 2 3
CH2=CH CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH CH3
|
Br
2-
4. ( ) ( )
1 2 3
CH2=CH CH3 + H OH → CH2 CH CH3
|
OH
-2 ( )
5. ( )
1 2 3
CH2=CH CH3 + HO SO2OH → CH3 CH CH3
|
O SO2OH
-2
CH3 CH CH3 + HOH → CH3 CH CH3 + HO SO2 OH
| |
O SO2OH OH
2 -2
6.
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
| | | |
CH3 CH + CH2=C CH3 → CH3 C CH2 CH CH3
| |
CH3 CH3
2,2,4- ()
7. ( ),
CH2=CH CH2 CH3 -1
CH3 CH=CH CH3 -2
Kt, t0
CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 → CH2=C CH3
|
CH3
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + H2 -1,3
II. .
1.
t0
C2H4 + 3 O2 () → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
t0
C2H4 + 2 O2 () → 2 CO + 2 H2O
t0
C2H4 + O2 ( ) → 2 C + 2 H2O
2. ( )
t0, Ag
2 CH2=CH2 + O2 →2 CH2 CH2
\ /
O
( )
3. ( )
KMnO4
3 CH2=CH2 + [O] + H OH → HO CH2 CH2 OH
(-1,2)
KOH
3 C-2H2=C-2H2 + 2 KMn+7O4 + 4 H2O → 3 C-1H2 C-1H2 + 2 Mn+4O2 + 2 KOH
| |
OH OH
C2-2 -2ē → C2-1 3 3 C2-2 -6ē → 3 C2-1
Mn+7 + 3ē → Mn+4 2 2 Mn+7 + 6ē → 2 Mn+4
KMnO4 .
4. ( KMnO4, HNO3, )
|
|
+H3O+, t
R CH=CH R¢ + 4 [O] → R COOH + R¢ - COOH
H3 H=CH CH3 + 4 [O] → 2 CH3 COOH
-2 ()
CH3 CH2 CH=CH2 + 4 [O] → CH3 CH2 COOH + HCOOH
-1 ()
HCOOH + [O] à HOCOOH (H2CO3)
CO2↑ H2O
CH3 CH2 CH=CH CH3 + 4 [O] → CH3 CH2 COOH + CH3 COOH
-2
5 CH3CH2C-1H=C-1HCH3 + 8 KMn+7O4 + 12 H2SO4 →4 K2SO4 + 8 Mn+2 SO4 + 12 H2O +
-2
+ 5 CH3CH2C+3OOH + 5 CH3C+3OOH
C2-1 -8ē → 2 C+3 5 5 C2-2 -40ē → 10 C-1
Mn+7 + 5ē → Mn+2 8 8 Mn+7 + 40ē → 8 Mn+4
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH=CH2 + 5 [O] → CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH + H2O + CO2
-1
CH3 CH2 CH2 C-1H=C-2H2 + 2 KMn+7O4 + 3 H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2 Mn+2 SO4 + 4 H2O +
-1
+ CH3 CH2 CH2 C+3OOH + C+4O2
C-1 4ē → C+3 C-1 -4ē → C+3
-10ē 1
C-2 6ē → C+4 C-2 -6ē → C+4
Mn+7 + 5ē → Mn+2 2 2 Mn+7 + 10ē → 2 Mn+2
III. .
t0, kt, P
+ CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + → -CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2-
t0, kt, P
nCH2=CH2 → ( CH2 CH2 )n
n
t0, kt, P
n CH3 CH=CH2 → ( CH CH2 )n
|
CH3
IV. .
550C
CH2=CH2 CH2 CH3 → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + CH3 C = CH2
|
CH3
-1 -2
V. ()
) :
MgO, ZnO
CH2=CH CH2 CH3 → CH2 = CH CH = CH2 + H2
-1 -1,3
) :
1200C
2 CH2=CH2 → 2 CH≡CH + 2 H2
() ()
.
1.
C16H34 → C8H18 + C8H16
: , , , ; , ; , .
2.
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 -1
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 →
CH3 CH = CH CH3 -2
550-650oc, Kt
2CH4 → C2H4 + 2H2
3.
H2SO4, 140-150oC
CH3 CH2 OH → CH2 = CH2 + H2O
4. ( : )
Br
| , to
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 + NaOH → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + NaBr + H2O
2- -2
5.
Br Br
| |
CH3 CH CH CH3 + Zn → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + ZnBr2
2.3- -2
|
|
1.
2.
3.
| |||||
| |||||
: ( )
1. ?
2. (, , )?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ? .
6. ? .
7. ? .
8. ? .
9. ?
:
1. ( 15-), . ., --, 2006
2. . ., . ., . ., . . 10 : . ( ), , 2005
3. . ., . . 10: ( 10 ), , 1991