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C2H4 C4H8 , C5H10 C16H32 - , C17H34 . . .

6. .

I. .

1.

1 2 3

CH2=CH CH3 + H H → CH3 CH2 CH3

2.

1 2 3

CH2=CH CH3 + Br Br → CH2 CH CH3

| |

Br Br

1,2-

3. ( : HX ( X -Hal, -OH ..) - , X )

1 2 3

CH2=CH CH3 + H Br → CH3 CH CH3

|

Br

2-

4. ( ) ( )

1 2 3

CH2=CH CH3 + H OH → CH2 CH CH3

|

OH

-2 ( )

5. ( )

1 2 3

CH2=CH CH3 + HO SO2OH → CH3 CH CH3

|

O SO2OH

-2

CH3 CH CH3 + HOH → CH3 CH CH3 + HO SO2 OH

| |

O SO2OH OH

2 -2

6.

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

| | | |

CH3 CH + CH2=C CH3 → CH3 C CH2 CH CH3

| |

CH3 CH3

2,2,4- ()

7. ( ),

CH2=CH CH2 CH3 -1

 

CH3 CH=CH CH3 -2

Kt, t0

CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 → CH2=C CH3

|

CH3

 

CH2=CH CH=CH2 + H2 -1,3

II. .

1.

t0

C2H4 + 3 O2 () → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

t0

C2H4 + 2 O2 () → 2 CO + 2 H2O

t0

C2H4 + O2 ( ) → 2 C + 2 H2O

 

2. ( )

t0, Ag

2 CH2=CH2 + O2 →2 CH2 CH2

\ /

O

( )

3. ( )

KMnO4

3 CH2=CH2 + [O] + H OH → HO CH2 CH2 OH

(-1,2)

 

KOH

3 C-2H2=C-2H2 + 2 KMn+7O4 + 4 H2O → 3 C-1H2 C-1H2 + 2 Mn+4O2 + 2 KOH

| |

OH OH

C2-2 -2ē → C2-1 3 3 C2-2 -6ē → 3 C2-1

Mn+7 + 3ē → Mn+4 2 2 Mn+7 + 6ē → 2 Mn+4

 

KMnO4 .

4. ( KMnO4, HNO3, )

+H3O+, t

R CH=CH R¢ + 4 [O] → R COOH + R¢ - COOH

 

H3 H=CH CH3 + 4 [O] → 2 CH3 COOH

-2 ()

 

CH3 CH2 CH=CH2 + 4 [O] → CH3 CH2 COOH + HCOOH

-1 ()

 

HCOOH + [O] à HOCOOH (H2CO3)

 

CO2↑ H2O

 

CH3 CH2 CH=CH CH3 + 4 [O] → CH3 CH2 COOH + CH3 COOH

-2

 

5 CH3CH2C-1H=C-1HCH3 + 8 KMn+7O4 + 12 H2SO4 →4 K2SO4 + 8 Mn+2 SO4 + 12 H2O +

-2

+ 5 CH3CH2C+3OOH + 5 CH3C+3OOH

 

C2-1 -8ē → 2 C+3 5 5 C2-2 -40ē → 10 C-1

Mn+7 + 5ē → Mn+2 8 8 Mn+7 + 40ē → 8 Mn+4

 

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH=CH2 + 5 [O] → CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH + H2O + CO2

-1

 

CH3 CH2 CH2 C-1H=C-2H2 + 2 KMn+7O4 + 3 H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2 Mn+2 SO4 + 4 H2O +

-1

+ CH3 CH2 CH2 C+3OOH + C+4O2

C-1 4ē → C+3 C-1 -4ē → C+3

-10ē 1

C-2 6ē → C+4 C-2 -6ē → C+4

Mn+7 + 5ē → Mn+2 2 2 Mn+7 + 10ē → 2 Mn+2

III. .

t0, kt, P

+ CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + → -CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2-

 

t0, kt, P

nCH2=CH2 → ( CH2 CH2 )n

n

 

t0, kt, P

n CH3 CH=CH2 → ( CH CH2 )n

|

CH3

IV. .

550C

CH2=CH2 CH2 CH3 → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + CH3 C = CH2

|

CH3

-1 -2

V. ()

) :

MgO, ZnO

CH2=CH CH2 CH3 → CH2 = CH CH = CH2 + H2

-1 -1,3

) :

1200C

2 CH2=CH2 → 2 CH≡CH + 2 H2

() ()

.

1.

C16H34 → C8H18 + C8H16

: , , , ; , ; , .

2.

CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 -1

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3 CH = CH CH3 -2

 

550-650oc, Kt

2CH4 → C2H4 + 2H2

3.

H2SO4, 140-150oC

CH3 CH2 OH → CH2 = CH2 + H2O

4. ( : )

Br

| , to

CH3 CH CH2 CH3 + NaOH → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + NaBr + H2O

2- -2

5.

Br Br

| |

CH3 CH CH CH3 + Zn → CH3 CH = CH CH3 + ZnBr2

2.3- -2

1.

 
 

 

 


2.

 


3.

 

           
   
(HO 48 OH)
   
(49 OH)
 
 

 


: ( )

1. ?

2. (, , )?

3. ?

4. ?

5. ? .

6. ? .

7. ? .

8. ? .

9. ?

:

1. ( 15-), . ., --, 2006

2. . ., . ., . ., . . 10 : . ( ), , 2005

3. . ., . . 10: ( 10 ), , 1991





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