140604
_____________ .. .. 41-70-22 _________ .. 41-70-22 | . - ________________ .. ______ ______________2006 . . ________________ .. _____ ______________2006 . 9 15.05.2006 - _________________ .. () _____ ______________2006 . |
2007 .
140604
2007
-
: | . .. , ..., - .. |
1. :
1. ,
2.
3.
2.
, . : , (.1).
. 1.
. (1) (2), (3). , , (5). (4). (6), , , . , .
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. (), I, 2-5% .
. - , , . =f(t), . , .
= cen,
ce ;
, /;
, ().
, I. , I .
U = E ∑R I = R I,
R , ∑R , , .
, I , ( = ).
(.. ) . , . , .
. 2. .
(.2) I I. I U R.:
I =
, , :
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
I , , . .
0 = f (I), I = 0 = = const.
U0 (R = ∞) :
U0 = 0 = cen,
= const, . (-) , , , ( ≡ F ≡I). 0 = f (I ) , = f (I), .. .
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.3.
(.3) 1 2. I = 0 ( ) ≠ 0. 2-4% U , ,
= cen.
I . , . I . I , . . , , .
U I I , . .
U = f (I), I = const = const.
.4.
.4 ( 2) ( 1), I = 0. .
, ..
U = f (I), I = const = const.
, , , ,
U = E ∑R I,
∑R .
I = 0 ( ) U = E
(.5). :
- (∑R I);
-
, , .
.5.
∆U 5-15% U.
, , . .
U = E ∑R I = const
, ∑R I , . I, .
I I , ..
I = f (I), U = const = const.
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, I, . , I : , (.6).
.6.