.
I.
1. O−H
, −, : → → .
) () :
2C2H5−OH + 2Na → C2H5−ONa + H2↑
, . - . , , . , !
C2H5−ONa + HOH → C2H5−OH + NaOH
) ( )
C2H5−OH + HO−NO2 ↔ C2H5−O−NO2+ HOH
CH3−COOH + HO−C2H5 ↔ CH3COO−C2H5 + HOH
2. C−O
) .
) ( 2 3 NH3 )
C2H5−OH + H−NH2 → C2H5− NH2 + H−OH.
C2H5−OH + H−NH−C2H5 → NH−(C2H5)2 + H−OH.
)
C2H5−OH + HCl → C2H5−Cl + HOH.
)
C4H9−OH + SO2Cl2 → C4H9−Cl + HCl↑ + SO2↑.
)
C4H9−OH + PCl5 → C4H9−Cl + POCl3 + HCl↑.
II.
1. , ..
) R−O−R'
C2H5−OH + HO−C2H5 → C2H5−O− C2H5 + H−OH.
)
H−CH2−CH2−OH → CH2=CH2 + H−OH.
2. ( O−H C−H)
)
H
|
CH3−CH−O−H → CH3−CH=O + H2↑
)
O─H O
| ||
CH3−C−H3 → CH3−C−H3 + H2↑
|
H
)
III.
) ( )
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2↑+ 3H2O +Q.
, ( ). , - .
|
|
) ( ) ( )
2CH3OH + O2 → 2HCH=O + 2H2O,
CH3−CH2OH + O2 → CH3−COOH + H2O,
2CH3−CH(OH)−CH3 + O2 → 2CH3−C(=O)−CH3 + 2H2O.
) ( ) ( )
CH4 + [O] → HCH=O + H2O,
CH3−CH2OH + 2[O] → CH3−COOH + H2O,
CH3−CH(OH)−CH3 + [O] → CH3−C(=O)−CH3 + H2O.
, , , , . − (II) ( ). - . - .
CH2−OH | CH−OH | CH2−OH | HO−CH2 | HO−CH | HO−CH2 | CH2−O | CH−OH | CH2−OH | HO−CH2 | O−CH | HO−CH2 | |||||
Cu | ||||||||
+ HO−Cu−OH | → | + 2HOH | ||||||
(II) |
.
: , , , , , .
3 , , , . . , 100 .
25 , , , , , , , , , , . , , .
, , (, .). , .
65CH2OH ( ) . () , , , , - .
|
|
65CH2CH2OH , , .
HOCH2CH2OH (, ), , .
HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH , .
HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH , , , ! , . − , .
(HOCH2)4 ( ), , , .
2(H)3C2 2 ()42O , . .
: ( )
- ?
- ? .
- ?
- ? .
- ?
:
- .. . . 10 . : ; , , 2005.
- . . ; , --, 2006.
- http://ximik.biz/prakticheskaya-himiya/87-spirty
- http://www.studfiles.ru/preview/2891043/
- http://encyclopaedia.biga.ru/enc/science_and_technology/SPIRTI.html