, , , . : - , , : ? ? ? . " , , , . , , ". . : " , , , ..."36. , .
36 . . ., 1899, . 39
, , , , . , , "" , , , . . , , . .37
, . , , , . , , , , , .
, , . "" , , , "", "", "" . . , , , -, , "", .
|
|
: "" " ", "" " " . . , , , , " " : " ,
37 . : . . . ., , 1966.
". . , , ?
" " () " (Q1a), (Q2)". "..., ..." "->". "":
= Df Q1a -> 2
, , . , , "" " ", , "", " ". "" "Q1a -> Q2a" , , , , "".
, . , . , , "Q1a" ,
"Q2a -> Q2a" . , , , , . . "" , . .
, . " "38 " " :
Q1a -> (a= Q,2a)
, , , . " ".
|
|
38 Carnap R. Testability and Meaning // Philosophy of Science, V. 4, 1937.
, . , , . , , , , , . , . , , , .
, , . , , , . , , . . " ", . 39. "" :
1. , ;
2. , ;
3. , ;
4. ;
5. , ;
6. , , 40.
39. Hempel . The Theoretician's Dilemma: A Study in the Logic Theory Construction // In: Aspects of Scientific Explanation. N. Y., 1965.
40 "" , : ., . -: // , 1973, 1.
, "" 3, , . . , - . , , , . , , : , , , , . , , , , .
, , . , , . , . , , , , .