.
Non-Finite Forms of the Verb
, , , ( : , , ) . .
: . , .
: (the Infinitive), (the Participle) (Gerund).
the Infinitive [In'fInItIv]
- , , . ?, ?
to, , . not, :
Try not to use bad language!
| !
| It was difficult not to speak.
| .
|
, ( ), : (Active) (Passive). Indefinite Infinitive - , . ( ) .
( ) . . , .
:
to write letters
| (?)
| to sing a song
| (?)
| :
to speak loudly
| (?)
| to walk quickly
| (?)
| :
( , ), , . .
, , :
1. ( .);
2. ;
3. for.
, , . , , . . , , , , , .
- I- (), : Present Indefinite, . , to. , to, , .
, , , ( - to be (am, is, are, was, were) ). , , to.
, , , .
To smoke is harmful.
| . = .
| To live is to struggle. . = .
:
To learn English is not difficult.
| .
| To find your mistake was useful.
| .
| To fulfil the condition was out of my power.
| .
|
, it ( ), , .
It is easy to make mistakes.
| .
| It was difficult to sell my car.
| .
| It wasnt safe to cross the bridge at night.
| .
|
, - to be (am, is, are, was, were,), , , :
Our task is to do the work well.
| , .
| The point is to achieve the aim.
| .
| The problem was to get there in time.
| , .
|
: , to be (. , ).
, , , :
He is to master English within a short time. ( )
| .
| , :
His aim is to master English. ( ) - .
|
, :
to : can, must, may, might, could, would, should ( cannot = cant, must not =mustn't, . .):
We can go there tomorrow.
| .
| We must stay at home.
| .
| You may swim in the river.
| .
| We should not leave him alone.
| .
|
to ought (to) , :
You ought to call him.
| .
| She ought to be told about it. (Passive)
| .
| : to be (to) . , to have (to) :
I am to meet him here.
| .
| The plane is to arrive at 3 o'clock.
| 3 .
| He has to go there.
| .
| You dont have to do it.
| .
| The letter has to be written at once. (Passive)
| .
| Please, have your sister clean the room.
| , .
| : , , , . , , . , - , - .
, , ?, ? .
1 , . , . , :
to agree -
to arrange -
to ask ()
to begin
to continue
to decide
to demand -
to desire
to expect
to fail
to forget
to hate -
to hesitate
| to hope -
to intend
to like ,
to love ,
to manage -
to mean -
to prefer -
to promise -
to remember
to seem -
to try ,
to want .
| :
He asked to change the ticket.
| .
| She began to talk.
| .
| He continued to write.
| .
| She likes to sing.
| .
| They managed to do it.
| .
| Try to understand me.
| .
| I want to use your dictionary.
| .
|
: to ( help to , , ).
would (should) like / love (d like/love) ( ):
He would like to speak to Mr Brown.
| - .
| Id love to see her.
| .
| (Passive):
He demanded to be heard.
| , .
|
2 . : - to be (am/is/are) + + to
He is afraidto miss the train.
| .
| He will be crazy to do that.
| , .
| Im glad to help you.
| .
| (Im) Pleased to meet you.
| .
| He is ready to go there.
| .
| I am sorry to keep you waiting. = Sorry to keep you waiting.
, .
(Passive):
I am very glad to be invited to your party.
| , .
|
3 : what, whom, which, when, why, where, how .
I dont know what to answer him.
| , .
| I knew where to look for her.
| , .
| He could not decide when to arrange the meeting.
| , .
|
4 . , (. - " ").
I want him to come in time.
| , .
| He asked me to wait a little.
| , .
|
(, , ) ?. - Indefinite Active, .
1 :
He had a great desire to travel. .
| Suddenly she felt the need to speak.
| .
| It was the signal to stop.
| .
| I have no money to buy the ticket.
| , .
| He was trying to find a way to earn a little money.
| .
| : . : , - . - , - . , :
.
| - He brought me a book to read.
| - He brought me to read a book.
|
:
She gave him some water to drink.
| .
| The children have a good garden to playin.
| ( ).
| , , :
He was not a man to tell a lie.
| , .
| I have brought you the forms to fill in.
| , .
| (Passive):
This is a good house to be bought.
| , .
|
2 :
Give me something to eat.
| - .
| I have nothing to tell you.
| .
| Have you got anything to declare?
| -, . ( )
|
3 :: the first - , the second .. the last - , the next , the only :
He was the first to realize the situation.
| , .
| Who was the last to come?
| ?
|
: ?:
1 , ?, ? .. .. . . . , . . in order so as, .
He stopped to speak to Mary.
| , .
| I have come here to meet her.
| , .
| We had a swim so as to cool off.
| , .
| I went in to see if they were ready.
| , , .
| To be there on time we must hurry. , .
so as :
I hired a taxi so as not to miss the train.
| , .
|
2 . : too - , enough [I'nAf] - . . ( ) .
too + / +
He is too lazy to get up early.
| , .
| He is too young to understand it.
| () , .
| It was too latet o come back.
| .
| / + enough +
He is lazy enough to get up early.
| , .
| She is old enough to go to work.
| () , .
|
, , to, . to , :
1 : can, could, must, may, might, will, shall, would, should ( cannot= cant, must not= mustnt ..).
She can dance.
| .
| I must see you at once.
| ().
| He might help me.
| .
|
need dare [deq], :
You neednt go there.
| .
| How dare you ask me?
| ?
|
: ought (to) have (to), be (to) to:
He ought to answer you.
| .
| I had to send him money.
| .
| We are to see her tonight.
| .
|
2 had better (), would rather ; :
You had (=Youd) better help her.
| .
| I would (=Id) rather go by train.
| .
|
3 ( ) :
) : to feel , to hear , to notice , to see .:
I felt my pulse quicken.
| , .
| She heard the clock strike eight.
| , .
| I saw him jump.
| , .
| , to:
She was seento go to the institute.
| , .
|
) : to make , to let , :
He made me help him.
| .
| What makes you think so?
| ?
| He let me take his book.
| .
| We let him do it.
| .
| , to:
She was made to repeat the story.
| () .
|
) to help - to ; . to :
He helped me do the exercise.
| .
| Could you help me (to) unload the car?
| ?
|
1: why, . , , ( ) , .
Why not go there right away?
| ?
| Why not take a holiday?
| ?
| Why worry?
| ?
|
2: , and or, to :
I want to come and see your new house.
| () .
| She decided to go and buy something for supper.
| - .
|
3: to , , :
He wants me to go there but I dont want to(go).
| , , ().
| Why didnt you come? You promised to(come).
| ? ().
| Come and see us. Id love to. (come, see)
| . . ()
|
|