III.
XVI XVII .
.
1. XVI XVII .
2.
3. , XVI XVII .
4.
XIVXVII . . , , , , , , , , , 1649 . XVI XVII . . , , . :
( , );
( ; - 1629 .; 150 );
(70- . XVI .; , , .).
, , , 1627 . , .
1.
, .
( ) , , ,
1550 , , () ( ). .
XVI , , , , .
. 20- XVII ( ).
1624 ,
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1653 (1679 )
2.
XVI XVII . , , , . 1488 III , ( 1475 ). , . -, 27 (68,6 ) , . , , (1535 , , )
1564 , , , . 1649 ( = 2,134 ).
( , , ) = 2 = 1000 = 2,1336 .
= 3 (2 = 3 ) = 12 = 48 = 2,134 .
= 4 = 16 = 72
= 4 = 17,77 . = 4,5 .
() | 2,16 | 0,72 | 0,18 | 0,045 |
( ).
142,4 | |
() | |
() | |
186,4 | |
197,4 | |
() | |
230,4 | |
() |
3.
.
XVI ( ). , , , (0,5 ).
= 80 ´ 30 = 2400 . = 1,09
= 80 ´ 40 = 3200 . = 1,045
. = 9 . = 4,55 .
= 2 () = 4 = 8 = 16
2 . , :
1 = 55 ´ 55 = 3025 .
2 = 50 ´ 50 = 2500 .
2 = 60 ´ 40 = 2400 .
, . : , ( , 15,10 5 ). , 10 .
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.
1558 (1,5 1,75 ). XVII , (0,25 ). XVII 6 , 1679 8 . .
:
( )
( , 25-40 %, )
= 2 = 4 = 8
.
= 40 = 2,5
(8 5 ) = 10-12 = 33-34 = 10-12
= 10 = 1 = 100 = 3
.. , XVII . 1652 ( = 12 = 300 )
= 72 = 1 179 360
= 12 = 198,56 ( )
= 10 = 163,805 ( )
= 2,5 = 40,87
= 40 = 80 = 16 = 16,38
= 2,5 = 5 = 1,24
= 2 = 4 = 48 = 204,756
= 3 = 12,4
= 25 = 96 = 4,22
( ) = 1,5 , 1
, ( )
( )
( )
4.
.
1534 , . , (0,66 ; = -,33 ; = 0,16 )
= 10 = 100 = 200 = 400
XVI , (), ( ) (). . XVII 36 , 40 . 50 , 1655 ( ) 64 . , , .
XVI XVII . , . , XVI (0,5 ) 2 62 ; 30- XVI 3 ; XVII = 3,5 - 4 ; 20- XVII 4 25 ; 40- 4,5 ; 1662 )
.
, , , , ( )
(), (), ()
, , . .
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= 20 (480 )