H - . ΔH , - (p = const, T = const), . . ΔH < 0, ( ), ΔH > 0, ( ).
, ( ).
:
:
.
, 298 : DH0298, .., = 298 (ΔH0f).
ΔH0f 1 . , 298 100 .
S - , . - /(∙). . , . . .
= 298 (ΔS0..) ,
, S0 = 298 . . .
G. :
1) , , ( ΔH (/));
2) ( ), , ( TΔS (/)).
, ΔG = ΔH TΔS, - . , G (ΔG < 0).
|
|
ΔG , ΔH ΔS. , (ΔH < 0) () (ΔS > 0).
= 298 :
ΔG0f. .
ΔG0 , 298 , :
ΔG0 = ΔH0.. TΔS0...
, , -,
mA + nB = pC + qD
- (, , p ).
. ( ). ΔG (ΔG < 0) . ΔG (ΔG > 0) . ΔG = 0, , . ΔH = TΔS, .. , .
ΔH ΔS , T, . ΔG = ΔH0.. TΔS0. = 0, T = ΔH0.. / ΔS0..
. ( ) ( ) . (, [2]), , , .
, , . :
, 0 | ||
D | ||
, [] |
() () :
|
|
ΔG0 :
ΔG 0 = - RT ln K = - 2.3 RT lg Kc,
ΔG0 = - RT ln Kp = - 2.3 RT lg Kp
, :
Kp = Kc(RT)Dn,
Dn - : Dn = (p + q) (m + n).
ΔG0 , : Kp = exp(-ΔG0 / RT).
. , .. . , . ( ) , ( ). - :