, , . N . 1/ N - . :
p = 1/ N
. , , , :
i = log2(1/ p) = log2 N () (2)
, (i) (N) 2 i = N.
(i) , (K), :
I = K i (3)
(1), , .
(2) , N = 2 ( ) 1 .
1 .
.
1 256.
256 = 28, :
2 i = 256 = 28
: i = 8 = 1
, , 256 . , 1 1 .
1. , , :
1101001100011100110100110001110001010111?
: ( , ):
11010011 00011100 11010011 00011100 01010111.
, , , . , .
2. 16 . 25 . 64 . ?
: = 16
i = lg216 = 4 ()
= 25*64= 1600
I = *i = 1600 * 4 = 6400 = 800
: 800 .
3. 30 . 48 . 900 . ( ), ?
:
= 30*48 =1440
I = 900 = 7200
i = I/ = 5
N = 25 = 32
: 32 .
4. , . 16 , - 256 . , ?
:
1 = 2
N1 = 16, N2 = 256
i1 = lg216 = 4 ()
i2 = lg2256 = 8()
I1=1* i1, I2=2* i2
I2/I1= (2*i2) / (1* i1) = (2*8) / (2*4) =8/4 = 2
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: 2 .
5. Unicode . :
.
1)37 2) 592 3) 37 4) 592
:
40 . , 40 ´ 2 =80 . , : 80 ´ 8 = 640 . 592 . , 640 592 48/16 = 3 .
: 2.
: , 37 ( ), 592 = 74 , 37 , .
6. . 0 100%, . 80 . .
1) 80 2) 70 3) 80 4) 560
:
1
I = M log2N, N () , , ( ), I , .
0 100. 101. I=log2101. . , . , 101 , 101, 128 = 27. 7=log2128 = 7 . , 80 , 80 ´ 7=560 =70 .
: 2.
2
. , 26< 101 < 27, () 7. , 80 ´ 7 = 560 = 70 .
: 2.
7. . 11 . 12 , : , ( !).
, .
, 60 .
1) 540 2) 600 3) 660 4) 720
:
1) , 10 (0..9) + 12 + 12 , 10 + 12 + 12 = 34
2) 34 6 (5 , 25 = 32 )
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3) 11 11 × 6 = 66
4) , (, ) , 8: 72 = 9 × 8; 9
5) 60 9 × 60 = 540
: 1.