. , .
2 , , 2 , , k¥, L2 t 2 ( ), 2 ( ).
2 = f (R,H) 2:
B2 = - [ Ñ 2(r) ] / [ (r) ], (6.4.1)
- , () .
6.4.1. . , , (). ?
, , , , , , , .
, - , ( ). , , - , (r) , - , . z
0 r
.6.6.
.
(.6.6),
(r=0,z=0) = = max
- , . ( (r,z)) :
(d/dr)z=o = 0 (d/dz)r=o = 0. (6.4.2)
, (r,z) - . : . ( r = R z = H/2) - .
|
|
, .
, (r) (z) . , (.6.7), (r), , , , , , d - (r) .
(d) , - , .
, , .
, , :
R'= R + d (6.4.3)
H'/2 = H/2 + d (6.4.4)
(r)
(r)
r
d
R R + d = R¢ -
.6.7. ,
.
:
d = 0.7104 ltr = 0.7104 / Str (6.4.5)
, :
: (r=R') = 0 (z=H' /2) = 0 (6.4.6)
6.4.2. . , , , :
(6.4.7)
(6.4.7) , :
- ( r) :
(z) r=idem = r cos(pz/H'), (6.4.8)
r = (z=0, r) - r (.6.8):
d
d d
r
d
.6.8.
.
z
d
d d
r
d
.6.9.
|
|
.
- ( z ( ) ) :
(r) z=idem= z Io(2.405r/R'), (6.4.9)
z = (z,r=0) - z (.6.9).
Io(x) x . ( x 0 2.405) 0 p/2: x = 0 Io = 1, x = 2.405 Io = 0 (.6.10). , x + 2% .
I0(x) 1.0
0.5
- 0.5
.6.10. Io(x) .
, Io(x) xo = 2.405, ( ) .
Io(x), , .
- ( ) , , ~ 2 ltr , (z,r) .
, -1, d 1 . (z,r) 1 d, .
.
6.4.3. . (6.4.7) (6.4.1). :
B2 = (p/H')2 + (2.405/R')2 (6.4.10)
, -2, .
:
- (R' 6 , H '~ 11 ) 2 0.2422 -2;
- (R' 50 , H' 100 ) 2 3.3 10-3 -2;
- -1000 (R' = 158 , H' = 355 ) 2 = 3.1 10-4 -2;
- -1000 (R' = 590 , H' = 700 c) 2 = 3.7 10-5 -2.
2 ( , , 2 = 2).
, . , , , : , , . , .
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: , 6 , 12 , - 18 .., - , , .
, , , :
B2 = (p/H')2 + (2.405/R')2
. , .
, , ( , ) - - .
6.4.4. . , :
) ;
) h, e, j, q, t L2, k¥, t L2;
)
k¥ exp(-B2t )/( 1 + B2L2) = 1
2, , ;
) 2 :
(p/H')2 + (2.405/R')2 = B2, (6.4.11)
(' R'), . , 2 ( '/R'), , , ( '/R'). , (6.4.11) ('/R'). ?
- : . . ('/R') = 2, .
, , , , , .
- (S):
|
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I = ò I(S) dS
(S)
(H'/R')opt = 1.948 (6.4.12)
.
('/R')<1.948 (.. ), (H'/R')>1.948 - .
, -1000 ( = 7 , D = 11.8 ) '/R' 1.19, . . , -1000 ( = 3.55 , R =1.58 , '/R' 2.25) - . .
-1000 '/R' , - , , , - ( - , ), . ( ) -1000 .
-1000 ( ) : - , ; ; ( ) : , , , , - .
)
I (r) = - D Ñ(r),
D ( ): D = 1/3Str.
) p , 2 - L. p :
p = (1 + B2L2) -1.
) . :
L2 = (3Sa Str)-1
) : ________
L2(t) = Lo2 Ö/293 [go / g (p,t)]2
) p - :
he j q exp(-B2t ) (1 + 2L2)-1 = 1,
- , :
Ñ2(r) + B2(r) = 0,
(r) .
) - :
(z,r) = cos(pz / H') Io(2.405r /R'),
.
) 2 :
B2 = [p/(H+ 2d)]2 + [2.405/(R+d)]2,
d = 0.7104/Str - .
) 2 > B2, 2 = 2, - 2 < B2.