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, .

.

ά . , , (), () :

ά = / (100%).

, ά < 1 (<100%), ά = 1 (100%). , ά : ↓, ά ↑, ↑, ά ↑.

, . , . .

( NaCNS).

: CNS- + HOH <=> HCNS + OH-

= = [HCNS] [ OH-] * [ H+]

[CNS-] [HOH] * [ H+]

[H+]. , : = -w / (HCNS). -w 10-14, , , , .

( NH4CI)

: NH4+ + HOH <=> NH4OH + H+

= = [NH4OH]* [H+] * [OH -] / [H+] * [ HOH] * [OH-],

[OH-], : = -w / (NH4OH).

, , , .

( NH4CNS).

: NH4+ + CNS- + HOH <=> NH4OH + HCNS

= = [NH4OH]* [HCNS] * [OH -]* [H+] / [NH4+]*[CNS-]*[ HOH] *[OH-]* [ H+],

[H+]*[OH-], : = -w / (NH4OH) * (HCNS).

ά , .

ά = ( / )1/2.

OH- H+, , .

) : [OH-] = ά *

= 14 = 14 Ig(ά * ) = 14 lg [(w / ... * )1/2]

) [H+] = ά * .

= Ig[H+] = -Ig(ά * ) = lg [(w / .. * )1/2]

 

 

, .

, :

. , , . . .

. . , :

+ = Q.

- , . . .

. + . , , . . +, , . , , , + , . . . , , . . . , ( ), . , (II), , . , .



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