/ / , . .
. .
V/be , . , , , . V , , V s (3) s es, 3- ( " " ). V 2ed, V 3ed , . , ed. V 2 , V 3 . . V ing ing. be . : be: am (1e), is (3e), are (, 2 /).
/ . (. " "). .
W . , , , . : ? What book has he brought?
/ . , , " . . " " " , . , ( ), . / . V/be ─ .
.
1. "", " ", "", " 2 ", " ?" ( 1, 5, 6, 9) be.
2. "", "", " 4 " ( 2, 8) get, grow become;
3. " (, )" rain (snow, hail), begin, stop, finish, continue, be going to . ( 3, 4).
1. . 1 + be 2 It is dark. | 2. 4 . 2 get 4 It doesnt get dark at 4. | 3. . 4 + 4 It is snowning. | 4. 3. 4 + 2 It stopped raining at 3. |
5. 2. 1 2 It is not two now. | 6. . 1 + 2 It is still early to get up. | 7. .
1 | |
8. . 2 + get 4 It is getting dark. | 9. ? . ? + 5 When will it be warm? | 10. . . . C + be 4 If it had been cold yesterday |
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" ", " ", " " ( 7, 10).
() it, . 2 , .
- ( there be)
, , , - -. "": " ", " ". : " " " ". , . there, Wh. , " -":
1. . . + 2 There is a key on the table. | 2. ? . ?+ be 3 Is there a key on the table? | 3. . . . . + be 4 There must be a key here. |
4. , . . . . + be 2 . + be 4 If there were a table in the room there would be a vase on it. |
" -" " ", " " " " .
, , " ". . , :
1. , . " () " ( 4, 6).
2. - , , " ", " ". . , ( 1, 2, 3, 5).
3. : " " ( 7).
" ", " " " ". , " ", " ", " , " ( 3, 4, 5, 8). .
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4,5, . . V 3 ed. , , by, , , with ( 1, 6):
1. V . . + 4 The letter was written with a pen. | 2. V. . ─ 4 The book was not bought. . 4 The book has not been bought. |
3. V? . . ? + 5 Must Peter be sent for now? | 4. V ? . . ? + 5 Would the book have been bought yesterday? |
5. V, . . 4 If the key is not found | 6. V . . + 4 The letter will be written by Kate tomorrow. |
7. V . . + 4 Houses are built quickly now. | 8. V, V. + 1 . . + 4 He said that the house had been built. |
. , , (can), , (could), , (may, might), , , , , (must, need, should, ought to, shall), , , ( have to, be to) ( , , -, ). /, V/be . , . (. .) have to.
be able to, be allowed to, be to have to , , . , , , , . , be have . to V to be V3 , . Able to, allowed to . be to to. .
1. V . . + 4 We can take these things. | 2. c V . . 4 He could not come here yesterday. . . be (able to V) 2 He was not able to come here yesterday. |
3. V ? . ? + 5 Can (=may) I take your pencil? | 4. V . . 4 You must (=should, ought to) not go so early. |
5. V . . . have to V 4 He did not have to stay at home. | 6. V? . . . ? + have to be V3 5 Will the things have to be left? |
7. V ? . . ? + be (to V) 3 Was he to write the test? | 8. V. . . . + have to be V32 The book had to be bought. |
2, 5, 7 (. ). , / , / .
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. if whether, . " " .. "? +" "? " ( ) "+" "".
. " ? ? " if, when, while, till until, while, before, before, after.
, - ( ), , , : " , " ..
V, V . + 2 . + 2 He asks if (=whether) I went to the work | V, V . . + 2 + 4 When he comes we will begin to work. |
V, V. + 2 . + 4 He said that he would come. | V V . + 2 . ? + 4 She asked who had done the test. |