. 5. 8 ( 1 4, 8), 9 .
S λ P , 1. SP . a, b. R1, R2, R3 , .
λ, | , | b, | R1, | R2, | R3, | h, | n | ϕ, | 1, | b1, | c1, | N1 -1 | L, |
1,30 | 1,40 | 1,2 | 1,50 | 3,0 | 8,0 | 5,0 | 12,0 | 0,60 |
:
1. . N=3. k- :
R1 23/6 . , k=23/6. .
1 .
2. P , , . , , . , , 1.
, , .. . , 3 ∞. , , . . ( 3) - , . ( 3) , . - , . , , , . CD, , . , .
|
|
, π, , , 23/6 , , 23 π/6. 2. , α r. : . , . L1=2*|sin(23π/12)|=0.524.
R2 305/12=25.42 , 25.42 π. L2, R1 R2 R1 , R2, .. 25.42 π, 3. , , , R2 R1, .. (305/12-23/6) π. , L2=2*|sin((25.42π-3.83π)/2)|=1.23.
R3 94/3=31.3 , , 31.3π. , R2 R3 , 31.3π. 4 L3, . , L3=2*|sin((31.3π -25.42π)/2)|=0.27. .4 L1, L2, L3, 1, 2, 3
2
3. P . , 5. b, α , . xb=cos(α-π/2), yb=1+sin(α-π/2). , L1, L2, L3 , . L1, 4, 1:
xL1=cos(23π/6-0.5π)=-0.504; yL1=1+ sin(23π/6-0.5π)=0.136
L2, 4. 2 1.
x2=cos(25.42π-0.5 π)=-0.95; y2=1+sin(25.42π-0.5 π)=1.29
L2:
xL2= x2- xL1=-0.45; yL2= y2- yL1=1.16
L3, 6.
x3=cos(31.33π-0.5 π)=-0.84; y3=1+sin(31.33π-0.5 π)=1.542
xL3= x3- x2=0.11; yL3= y3- y2=0.252
: L1, L2, L3, , , 2.
, , . , .
|
|
. , . , , √(S/S), S , S . : k1= √(3/4), k2= √(3/4), k3=√(1/4). . .
xA1=xL1*k1=-0.442; yA1=yL1*k1=-0.442=0.1178
xA2=xL2*k2=-0.39; yA2=yL2*k2=1
xA3=xL3*k3=0.055; yA3=yL3*k3=0.126
. 7 , L. .6 .7 . . :
=1+2+3=-0.777; y=y1+y2+y3=1.244
, .
3 .
4. P I0 . , , . . . , . , . |A|=1.46. . :
I=I0*A2=2.15I0
. . , . 4 .
, n1 1 , λ. L. . (450÷700) . . ?
d*sin(φ)=kλ, d- , k . φ=π/2,
( int() .)
, 9. - .
, φmax=0.95 . (46.6)
, 13
l=L*tg(φmax)=1.82
, , λmin=450 ,, λmax=700 . φ1, :
:
sin(φ)=2* λmin/d=0.306 => φ=0.37
sin(φ)=2* λmax/d=0.47 => φ=0.49
,
|
|
Δl=L(tg(φ) tg(φ))=0.189 .
, . k- k+1 . :
sin(φ)=(k+1)* λmin/d = sin(φ)=k* λmax/d
(k+1)* λmin = k* λmax => 1+1/k=1.5555 => k=1.8
, .
8 .
. : , k, U, T.
k | U B | T K | ||
0.5 | ||||
0.4 | ||||
0.55 | ||||
0.6 | ||||
0.65 | ||||
0.7 | 12.6 | |||
0.4 | ||||
0.5 | 6.3 | |||
0.55 | 12.6 | |||
0.7 |
.
t=20 5.5*10-8 *, α=4.8*10-3 1/.
, .
. =200 , k=0.5, U=220 B, T=2400 K.
. ::
S . l , d ,
:
, πd2/4:
ρ , . :
, 20, ( ). , : α=4.8*10-3 1/:
:
, :
:
:
(33) (27) :
, :
, . :
(17):
( )
:
1. S , S1 . , MN.
2. . , , = 10 . ?
|
|
3. , 10 , , -3 . 5 . , 15 .
4. l=0,75 , 25 . , 6 .
5. R=10 J=100 . - , .
6. 300 , 100 . 30 , 20 /.
7. 2 3 100 . 25 , , .
8. 1 , 1 , (λ=720 ). .
9. α=2 n=1.5. 10 , 60 . 0.43 . .
10. , , n=1.5.
11. n = 1,33 λ=0,6 . . d ?
12. 0.5 , 10 , 10 . 550 .
13. 1.5. , , 15 . λ=0.55 .
14. . d=2 . , (λ=0,7 ) (λ=0,41 ) .
15. 0.075 . 0.2 . , 1 .
16. I0. n=1.5. .
17. I0. 1.6. .
18. 15 . 27, 60. , .
19. , 2.16 2. 2365 , 0.7 . .
20. λ0=0.545 , Wmax=0.5 , , .
21. , =2 .
22. v = 0,75 (e ). 0=0.51 ,
|
|
23. (n=1). .
24. l0-10 . 2 3 . ( 1.67*10-27 ).
25. cl
26. , . 1/λ Rν=1.097*107 -1.
27. α- , . . , . ( ).
28. N 0,5 , 1 . ( 8 ).
29. 86Rn122, =3.8 . m= 0.15 .
30. , 614 0.6 . 614 5730