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1940- . ' . (Culliton J. 1948 .) "marketing mix" ( ).

 

1953 "marketing mix" (Neil H. Borden). 50- . 12 : , , , , , , , , , , , .

 

(Albert W. Frey) 1961 . , : (, , , , ), (, , , PR).

 

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1981 . . (Bitner, J. and Booms, B.), , "P": , .

 

1990 ϳ (Bob Lauterborn) "4".

 

2005 . ij . (Chekitan S. Dev, Don E. Schultz) SIVA, "4P". . (Otilia Otlacan) 2P +2C +3S.

 

, - ͳ . , , . ³ - ( ) . , .

 

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2. . , () : , , , ..;

 

3. , (). , ' , , ' , , , , ;

 

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, . , - (political power) (public opinion formation). ֳ . ' , , , , , , , , , , ' . . , , . , - ; .

 

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"4P". "4" , . "P" :

 

Ø (PACKAGE);

 

Ø (PURCHASE) , ;

 

Ø (PERSONNEL);

 

Ø (PHYSICAL PREMISES / SURROUND) , ;

 

Ø (PROFIT) , ;

 

Ø ' (PR, PUBLICITY) .

3. "4C" SIVA

 

 

"4C"

 

"4", "". "4", 1990 .

 

:

 

1. Customer needs and wants .

 

2. Cost to the customer .

 

3. Communication .

 

4. Convenience .

 

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SIVA

 

(Chekitan S. Dev Don E. Schultz) Marketing Management / 2005 . , , "4P", "" . "4" "SIVA":

 

→ г (Solution)

 

→ (Information)

 

ֳ → ֳ (Value)

 

→ (Access)

 

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