.
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the users needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimization.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to output divided by input formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices and personnel organizations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stage belongs to the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilized. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
, . :
1. 1 , , (.. ) .
2. .
, :
Efficiency, among other ways, is achieved through using corresponding personnel organization.
1)
2)
3)
3. .
, :
Conflicting requirements of the production process should be taken into consideration when solving an engineering problem.
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1)
2)
3)
4. .
, :
Raw materials are often found in the forms engineers have to work with.
1)
2)
3)
5. .
, :
Losses due to heating can occur in any system.
1)
2)
3)
6.
, (1, 2, 3, 4) :
A successful engineer must be able to avoid unnecessary losses of energy and materials.
1) 2
2) 3
3) 1
4) 4
7.
, (1, 2, 3, 4) :
An engineer solution is to be based on many factors: cost, reliability, safety and others.
1) 3
2) 2
3) 1
4) 4
8. .
:
What is the definition of efficiency in engineering?
1) It is given input and minimum output.
2) It is maximum input for a given output.
3) It is minimum output for a given input.
4) it is output to input ratio.
9.
.
1) The processing of new antibiotics belongs to the field of biochemistry.
2) Any performance optimization is the goal of engineering.
3) The successful engineer is a person who is able to use raw materials.
4) The efficiency factor helps to differentiate engineering from farming.
10. -, .. .
1.
A sensitive drilling machine is a light high-speed machine, which is used for drilling small holes up to 0.5 in. diameter. The machine consists of a column, which is supported on a cast iron base plate, which is bolted to the workbench. The drilling mechanism is mounted on a bracket, which is supported on top of the column. The drilling mechanism includes the motor and the drill head. On top is a belt drive and pulley system, which is protected by a metal housing. The motor and its controls are located at the rear of the machine. Mounted on another bracket on the column is a worktable. It can be adjusted vertically.
The drill is held perpendicular to the surface of the work. Rotary motion is provided by the electric motor and transmitted to the drill spindle by the belt drive. The spindle speed can be changed by simply moving the belt to another set of pulleys. The drill is lowered, or fed, into the work manually so its progress can be felt. If any trouble occurs the pressure can be released. On releasing the feed pressure, the spindle returns to its upper-most position by means of a spring. On sensitive drilling machine, the drill is held in a chuck, which has three jaws. For use in a chuck, drills must have parallel shanks. They are tightened with a special chuck key. By turning the key the three jaws move uniformly in or out. It is important that the drill is completely tightened in the chuck. If it isn't, it will revolve in the jaws and this will damage the drill.
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Before drilling the work should be gripped in a machine vice on the worktable. The center of the hole to be drilled should have already been marked out. But some correction in the position of the hole may be necessary before drilling if this is inaccurate. The position of the hole should be checked before the drill cuts a full diameter.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple,.Passive Voice ()
3. 5 , 2.
4. .
5. .
2.
Milling is a machining operation in which a work-piece is given the desired shape by the action of a multi-toothed rotating cutter. In its simplest form the milling cutter is a circular disk whose rim is provided with specially shaped teeth (cutting edges). Cutters are of many different kinds and shapes. The work is fed against the teeth of the cutter, while the feed motion is longitudinal, transverse or vertical depending on the type of milling machine and the nature of the work.
There are two methods of milling: conventional (up) milling and climb (down) milling. In conventional milling the cutter rotates against or into the work when the feed is applied. In climb milling the cutter rotates in the same direction as that in which the work is being used. There are various classes and types of milling machines, from small hand-operated types to fully automatic ones, the main of them being: column and knee-type, bed type, planer type, and rotary type. Column and knee-type milling machines fall into three main classes: horizontal plane milling machines, vertical milling machines and universal milling machines. The horizontal plane milling machine is provided with a massive column rising from a base which rests on the floor. The base, hollow inside, contains a tank with cutting fluid. In the lower part of the column there is a motor for driving the spindle and the change gears for the power feed. A set of change gears for driving the spindle is housed in the upper part of the column. In operation, the milling cutters are either attached to the spindle nose or carried on an arbor. An overarm is secured to the top of the column. The knee, which supports the worktable, is mounted on the face of the column.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. there is/are();
3. Present Simple,.Passive Voice ()
3. 5 , 2.
4. .
5. .
3.
Grinding machines may be of more or less roughing type or of the precision type.
A precision grinding machine comprises essentially a wheel and revolving wheel and revolving wheel spindle, on which the grinding wheel is mounted, and either a work-head and revolving work spindle or a reciprocating or revolving worktable. Any type of worktable may be equipped with a traverse feed, an infeed (cross feed), a vertical feed, or all three. All parts are actuated by mechanical, hydraulic, or electrical means.
Precision grinding machines may be classified into six groups:
Cylindrical Grinders. In these machines the abrasive wheel grinds a cylindrical, or modified cylindrical surface as a reciprocating worktable, actuated by a traverse feed, draws the work longitudinally across the face of the wheel.
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Internal Grinders. The abrasive wheel of an internal grinder, actuated by a traverse feed and an intermittent infeed, grinds internal surfaces of cylindrical shape on the rotating work.
Plunge-Cut Grinders. In this group of grinders, the abrasive wheel grinds cylindrical, or modification of cylindrical surfaces when the wheel head, actuated by an infeed, moves into rotating work.
Form Grinders. In a form grinder the abrasive wheel, of special shape, actuated by an infeed and sometimes by a traverse feed, grinds a formed surface on revolving cylindrical blanks, the forms being determined by the shape of the wheel or by relative movement of the wheel-head and the work.
Centreless Grinders. In a centreless grinder the work is traversed across the face of an abrasive wheel, being supported on a work rest blade (instead of being held between centers or in a chuck) and rotated between the grinding wheel and regulating wheel.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. Active Voice ();
3. Passive Voice ().
3. 5 , 2.
4. .
5. .
4.
A Centre Lathe.
A lathe is a machine tool, which is used to produce work, which is circular in cross-section by rotating the work against a cutting tool. In other words, it generates a surface of revolution.
The finished work may be cylindrical or tapered (i.e. cone-shaped). In addition to generating cylindrical surfaces lathes can generate plane surfaces by facing. The lathe may also be used for boring and cutting screw threads.
One type of lathe is known as a centre lathe, and it is made up of a number of basic parts, which are accurately aligned one to another so that accurate components can be produced.
The bed acts as a support for the other parts and, therefore, consists of a strong, rigid framework usually made of cast iron. The top is machined to form the slideways, which carry the saddle, the headstock and the tailstock. The saddle controls the movement of the cutting tool. It is free to slide backwards and forwards along the slideways, thus enabling the tool to move parallel to the spindle axis. On the upper surface of the saddle is the cross-slide, which enables the tool to move at right angles to the axis of the spindle, and is therefore, used in facing operations.
The compound slide is mounted on the upper surface of the cross-slide. This can be rotated in such a way that the tool is able to move at an angle to the spindle axis when cutting a taper. The tool post is mounted on the compound slide, and carries the cutting tool.
The other principle parts on the lathe are the headstock and the tailstock. The headstock contains the gears, the controls and the spindle to which the workpiece is attached. It is the spindle which causes the workpiece to rotate. The tailstock does not rotate and is used only to support the other end of the workpiece.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple, Passive Voice ().
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3. 5 , 2.
4. , .
5. Past Simple Future Simple.
5.
Upright Drilling Machines.
1. In vertical spindle drilling machines the spindle is in a vertical position. The upright drilling machines has an upright column resting on a heavy base. The column equipped with a gearbox providing a wide range of speeds has a feed mechanism. The feed mechanism represents a feed shaft with its necessary gearing by which the drill is cut into the work at a proper speed. The feed shaft and the gearing provide a mechanical feed and any adjustment of both the drill head mounted on the top of the column and the table for drilling operations.
Since in the upright drilling machines the sleeve supports are fixed, all adjustments for different classes of work is made by moving the table which is accomplished by turning the crank.
2. The table can be moved in a horizontal plane, clamped at any point or, if desired, swung out of the way, so that large work may be placed on the base. The machine is also equipped with a ratchet lever ( ) for hand feeding the drill. A hand wheel is fastened to a worm shaft whose worm engages a worm gear on the pinion feed shaft, giving a motion much finer than that obtained by using the hand lever. Speed changes in the upright drilling machines are effected either by cone pulleys ( ) or a geared head ( ).
The upright drilling machines, in turn, are classified as heavy duty, plane and sensitive.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple, Passive Voice ().
3. 5 , 2.
4. , .
5. Past Simple Future Simple.
6.
Radial Drilling Machines.
Radial drilling machine is the largest and most versatile of the drill press group. It is intended for large heavy work, which cannot be easily moved from one place to another, or work, which is beyond the capacity of smaller drill presses used.
Its distinguishing feature is a long heavy radial arm 5 ft. or more in length, which swivels around the vertical cylindrical column to any point. A tool head moves along the arm up and down the column. On some machines the tool head can be swiveled at any angle to drill angular holes. The drill spindle revolves within the head and is extended downward for some distance to provide feed for the drill.
A typical machine with 16-inch column would have a 20-hp motor and a range of 15 to 700 rpm with 32 speeds within the range. Its weight would be 12 tons.
Multiple-Spindle Drilling Machine.
The multiple-spindle drilling machines are built in both vertical and horizontal types. Saving considerable time and space this machine is used for simultaneous drilling of many holes in large number of work-pieces. The machine may have a number of movable drills mounted on the cross way, all the spindles being driven from the same shaft by a worm gear. One of the multiple-spindle machines is the fully automatic multiple-spindle drill head machine requiring only push-button operation once it has been set up. The machine is provided with a large number of spindles ranging from four to a hundred or even more, which are driven by the same drive gear in the same head.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple, Passive Voice ().
3. 5 , 2.
4. , .
5. 3- .
7.
Universal Milling Machine.
Part I.
The universal milling machine is very similar to the plain milling machine, but has additional features. The principle difference being that the saddle is made in two parts and the top part, carrying the worktable, can swivel about a vertical pivot, so that the direction of the worktable travel can be at other angles than 90 degrees to the spindle axis. This enables helical grooves to be milled, which is not possible on a plane machine, to the spindle axis. In some machines the knee can also be swiveled about the horizontal axis, parallel to the spindle axis. Vertical milling attachments, which convert the horizontal machine into a vertical one are also commonly supplied with universal machines.
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Part II.
The cutter spindle is large in diameter and has double opposed bearings on the front end. The back end is mounted on ball bearings. An overarm provides rigid support for cutters and attachments. The base contains a coolant tank. The knee is massive in size to provide the greatest support for the table and saddle units. The entire feed change transmission unit is contained in the knee, and is operated through the vertical drive shaft from the drive unit located in the base and column.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple, Passive Voice ().
3. 5 , 2.
4. , .
5. 3- .
8.
The Universal Cylindrical Grinding Machine.
1. The universal cylindrical grinding machine (or grinder) is used for general work. With proper attachments it can be adapted to most classes of grinding.
A universal grinder consists of heavy bed, whose upper surface is accurately machined to form ways upon which the worktable, made in two parts, can slide to and fro. In modern machines the reciprocation of the table is obtained by hydraulic mechanism as this gives a smoother motion than the rack and pinion drives formerly used. In this machine the speed of traverse can be anything from 6 to 240 in. per minute.
2. The upper part of the worktable can be swiveled about a vertical axis relative to the lower part in order to tapered work may be ground. The maximum included angle that can be ground by this means is not usually greater than 15-20 degrees. The worktable carries a headstock with a live spindle at the left-hand end a tailstock with a spindle-loaded, or sometimes a hydraulically operated poppet at the right-hand end, both units being adjustable to any position along the table.
3. The headstock consists of two main portions the upper of which, carrying the spindle bearings and variable speed driving motor, can be swivelled through any angle up to 90 degrees relative to the lower part; this enables tapers with an included angle greater than 15-20 degrees to be ground if the work can be held in a chuck.
1. .
2. :
1. Present Simple, Active Voice ();
2. ();
3. Present Simple, Passive Voice ().
3. 5 , 2.
4. , .
5. 3- .
-
abrasive ; ; , ,
;
acetylene ;
action
: capillary . ;
activated ;
actuate ;
adapter , , ;
additive ;
adequate , ;
adjacent ;
adjust , , ;
adjustable ;
adjustment ;
advance ();
align , , ;
alignment ; ;
alkali ;
alloy , (); ; ;
angle ;
acute . ;
clearance . ;
crank . ;
cutting . ;
li . ;
obtuse . ;
right . ;
anneal , ;
anvil , (
);
apex , ;
arbor ;
arm , ;
crank . ;
radial . ;
assembly , , ;
attachment ;
automatic ;
semi-a. ;
available ,
B
backlash ; ; ;
bar , , , , ;
boring b. , ;
guide b. ;
sine b. ;
slide b. ;
beam , , ;
bearing , (), ,
;
antifriction b. ;
ball b. ;
ball thrust b. ;
journal b. ;
one-row-ball b. ;
plain b. ;
radial b. ;
radial thrust b. - ;
roller b. ;
single-row-ball b. ;
thrust b. ;
bed ;
clamp b. ;
bed-plate ;
belt , ;
flat b. ;
V-b. ;
bench ;
bevel , ; , ;
bit , ;
blade ;
blank ;
blast , ;
body , ;
bore ; , ;
box:
clapper b. ;
speed b. ; ;
brace , , ; ; ;
bracket , , ;
brake ;
plate b. , ;
brass ;
braze ;
brazing ;
induction b. ;
sequential b. ;
bronze ;
straight b. ;
burn out ;
burnishing , ;
bushing , , ;
button ;
push b. ; ;
cage ();
calipers , ;
inside . ;
outside . ;
vernier . ;
cam , , ;
carriage , , ;
casting ;
cause , , ;
centre ;
back. . ;
dead . ; ;
live . , ;
running . ;
chain ;
driving ch. ;
link-belt silent ch. ;
chamber:
gas mixing ch. ;
chamfer ;
chip ; ;
chipping ;
chisel ;
cape . ;
flat . ;
chuck ();
collet . ;
concentric . ;
contracting . ;
independent jav/ . ;
self-centering . ;
universal . ;
circuit ;
clad ;
clamp , ;
longitudinal feed ram . ;
clay ;
clearance , , ;
clutch , ;
axial . ;
band . ;
block . -:;
cone . ;
disc . , ;
disengaging . ;
fixed . ;
friction . , ;
jaw . ;
multi-disc . ;
rim . ;
safety . ;
semi . ;
coat , , ;
coaxial , ;
collar , , ;
collet , , ;
column ; ;
swivel . ;
conduction ;
thermal . ;
conductive ;
conductivity ;
thermal . , ;
conductor ;
cone ; ; ;
cone of gears ;
contact pressure () ;
contract ;
control , ;
pendant . ;
converge ;
converter ;
coplanar , ;
core , ;
counterboring ;
countersink , ;
countersinking ;
coupling ;
rigid . ;
crank , ;
crankshaft ;
crest ;
cross-key ;
cross-slide ;
cutter ;
pipe . .
D
deliver , ;
design , ;
detachable ;
dial ;
direct-reading d. ;
diameter ;
core d. ;
major d. ;
minor d. ;
pitch d. , ;
root d. ;
die ; ;
threading d. ;
diffuse , ;
disable ;
discolo(u)ration ;
dovetail ;
downfeed ;
dragging ;
dress , ;
drill ; ;
deep d. ;
four- lipped hollow core d. ;
oil hole d. ;
oil tube d. ;
straight-shank d. ;
tapered shank d. ;
twist d. ;
single-lipped twist d. ;
two-lipped hollow type deep d.
;
drive , ; ; ;
belt d. ;
chain d. ;
cutting d. ;
feed d. ;
pulley d. ;
driving , ;
ductile , ;
duty
eccentric ; ;
edge , ; ; , , ;
cutting . ;
effective cutting . ;
electrician ;
electrode ;
carbon . ;
eliminator ;
elongate (), ();
engage (), ;
engagement ;
ensure ;
equip ;
essential , , ;
evaluate ;
exhaust ; , ;
expand , , ;
exposure ;
extend (), ();
extension ;
exterior ,
F
fabrication ; ;
face ; ; ; ;
; ;
faceplate , , ;
facing , ;
failure ;
feature ;
feed ;
coarse f. ;
fine f. , ;
power f. , ;
table f. ;
file ; ;
diamond f. ;
flat f. ;
half-round f. ;
knife f. ;
rasp f. ;
rhombic f. ;
round f. ;
square f. ;
triangular f. ;
filler ;
fillet , ;
fine ; ( ); , ;
finish , ;
true f. , ,
, ;
fit , ; ; ;
fitter , ;
fitting , ;
fix , , ;
fixture ;
flange , ; ,
;
flexibility ;
fluid:
cutting f. - , ;
fluoride ;
flute , ;
flux , , ;
fluxing , ;
force , ;
external f. ;
internal f. ;
pressing f. ;
forge ; ;
foundry , ;
fracture ; ;
friction ;
rolling f. ;
furnace ;
blast f. ;
crucible f. ;
cupola f. ;
open-hearth f. ;
furnish ., ;
fuse , ;
fusion
G
gash , , ;
gauge ; ; ;
clearance g. ;
depth g. , ;
go g. ;
internal g. -;
no-go g. ;
plug g. -;
slide g. , ;
thread-plug g. ;
gear , ; ;
bevel g. , ;
chain g. , , ;
change g. ;
eccentric g. ,
;
helical g. () ; ;
herringbone g. ;
hypoid g. ;
main g. ;
pick-off g. ;
screw g. ;
segment g. ;
;
sliding g. ,
;
spur g. ;
tumbler g. ;
worm g. ;
gearbox ;
change g. ;
feed g. ;
knee with feed g. ;
slide rest feed g. ;
tool head feed g. ;
gearing , ;
bevel g. ;
external g. ,
;
friction g. ;
internal g. ;
rack-and-pinion g. ;
screw g. ;
spur g. ;
toothed g. ;
worm g. ;
generate ()
;
grade ; ; ;
graduate ;
grain , ;
grained ;
open g. ;
grinder ;
bench g. ;
cylinder g. ;
disk g. ;
internal centreless g. ;
internal g. ;
surface g. ;
grinding ;
dry g. ;
off-hand g. ;
wet g. , ;
groove , ; , ;
guide ; ;
guideway
hammer , ;
power h. ;
handle , ; , , ( );
reverse h. ;
hand ling ; ; ;
handwheel ;
cross feed table h. ;
feed change h. ;
feed gearbox h ;
idle travel h. ;
longitudinal feed table h.
;
transverse feed h.
(. );
vertical feed h.
(. );
harden ();
head , ;
cutter h. ;
dividing h. ;
side h. ;
tool h. , ;
wheel h. ;
; ;
headstock ;
heat up ;
helical , ;
hob ;
nobbing ()
;
holder , ;
tool h. ;
die h. ;
hole ;
spindle h. ;
tapered h. ;
hone , -; ;
honing ;
house -., ;
housing ,
I
ignite , ;
impart ;
implement ;
inch (=25,4 );
inching ;
incorporate , , ;
index , , ; (
);
indicator , ;
dial i. , ;
induction ;
industry ;
machine-building i. ;
inertia ;
insert , ; ;
integral ; ;
intermittent ;
iron ;
alloy cast i. ;
alloy grey i. ;
cast i. ;
grained i. ;
grey i. ;
malleable i. ;
pig i.
J
jaw (), , (, );
movable j. ;
solid j. ;
join ;
joining ;
non-detachable j. ;
joint , ;
journal
key ; ; ;
adjusting k. ;
chuck k. ;
inserted k. ;
keyway ;
knee , , ( );
knob , ;
vertical feed k.
( )
L
lapping , ;
lateral ;
lathe ;
bench 1. , ;
chucking 1. ;
crankshaft 1.
;
engine 1. - ;
screw 1. - ;
turret 1. ;
wheel 1. ;
lead ;
lead (, );
lever , , ;
control 1. , ;
diamond grinding wheel 1. ;
feed change 1. ;
feed change rest hand 1.
() ;
feed selection 1. ;
feed slide rest 1. ;
gearbox change 1. ;
gear train l. ;
longitudinal feed table 1.
;
magnetic plate l. ;
ratchet 1. ;
side rest feed 1.
;
speed change 1. ;
speed change ram 1. ;
spindle feed change 1.
;
spindle traverse 1. ;
table reverse feed 1. ;
table speed 1. ;
table traverse 1. ;
transverse feed l. (. );
traverse-reverse 1. () ;
vertical cross feed table 1.
;
vertical feed change side rest 1.
;
vertical feed knee hand 1.
;
life , ;
line ;
linear ;
linkage , ;
lip ;
load , ;
axial 1. ;
bending 1. ;
compression 1. ;
impact 1. () ;
radial 1. ;
shearing 1. ; ;
tensile 1. ,
;
thrust 1. , ;
locate , ;
loosen ;
lubricate ;
lug ,
machine , ; ;
bed type of m. , ;
boring m. ;
centreless grinding m. - ;
column knee m. ;
cutting m. ;
drilling m. ;
grinding m. ;
heavy duty m. ; ;
milling m. ;
multiple-spindle m. ;
plain drilling m. (-) ;
plain milling m (-) ;
planer milling m. - ;
planer surface grinding m. - ;
radial drilling m. - ;
rupture m. ;
sensitive drilling m. ;
vertical spindle drilling m. -
;
maintenance , , ;
make-up , ;
male ;
malleable ;
mandrel ;
manganese ;
manufacture , ; ;
mating , ;
material ;
engineering m.(s) ;
mechanism , ;
down feed m. ;
drive m. , ;
feed m. ;
return' m. () ;
mesh , (), ();
metal ;
engineering m. ;
ferrous m. ;
non-ferrous m. ;
mill ;
milling ; ;
climb m. ;
conventional m. ;
pendulum m. - ;
molten ;
motion ;
forward m. ;
intermittent m. ;
reciprocating m. - ;
rocking m. ;
motor , ;
drive m. , ;
reversing m. ;
mould ; ;
green m. ;
mount , ;
multi-turn (.),
N
nose ; ; ;
nozzle , , ;
nut ;
fixed n. ;
lock n. ;
safety n.
oblique ;
operation , ;
heavy-duty . ;
fitting . ;
oscillate , , ;
outlet ;
overarm , ;
additional link between knee and . ;
ram-type . ;
oxide ;
iron . ;
oxygen
pad , , ;
part ;
spare p. ;
pattern ;
paste ;
penetrate ;
pig , , ;
pillow ;
pilot ; , ;
pin , ; , ;
crank p. ; ;
pinion , ;
pitch (, );
pivot , , ,
-.;
plain , ;
plane ; ;
planer - ;
double housing p. - ;
open side p. - ;
rail p. ;
tandem p. - ;
planning:
string p. ;
plate , ; ;
index p. , ;
mounting p. ;
swivel p. , ;
platen ();
plating ;
pliers , , ;
needle-(nosed) p. ;
round-(nosed) p. ;
point ; ; ; ;
pointer , ;
polishing , ;
poppet ;
portal ;
positive ( );
post , , ;
tool p. , , ( );
drive tool p. ;
potassium ;
pour made ; , ;
precision-made , ;
press ; , ;
primary , ;
prior (to) , ;
projection ;
promote ;
protractor , ;
universal p. ;
provide , ;
provided ;
pulley ;
driven p. ;
driving p. ;
idle p. ;
idler p. ;
pump ;
coolant p. - ;
purify
Q
quadrant ( ), , ;
quality ;
non-magnetic q. ;
quill , R
race , {);
raceway (), ;
rack ;
rack-and-pinion , ;
rail , , ;
cross r. , ;
rake ,
, ;
front . ();
side . ;
true r. ;
ram ;
range , , ; ;
rasp ;
rate ; ; ;
feed r. ;
reading ;
ream , ;
reamer ;
recess ;
reciprocate , -;
rectilinear ;
reduction , ;
refinement ; ; ; ;
refractory ;
release ; :, ; ;
residue ;
resistance ;
corrosion r. ;
resistant ;
rest , , ; ;
compound r. () ;
side r. ;
tool r. ; ;
work r. , ;
resultant ; ;
retainer ;
retract ;
retraction ; ;
reverse () ; , ; ;
table . ;
revolution ; ;
rib ;
rigid ; ;
rigidity , , ;
rivet ; ;
rod , , ;
feed r. ;
roll ; , ;
rosin , ;
roughing , ;
rubberize ;
rugged ;
run ,
S
saddle ;
sand ;
moulding s. ;
saw ; , ;
hack s. ;
scale ; ; ;
scrap ;
scrapping ; ;
screw ; , ;
adjusting s. ;
elevating s. ;
feed s. ;
lead s. ;
seamless ;
section , ;
box s. ;
cross-s. ;
secure , ;
set ; ; ;
shaft ;
drive s. ;
driven s. ;
driving s. ;
feed s. , ;
hollow s. () ;
intermediate s. ;
intersecting s. ;
spline s. ;
shank ();
shaper - ;
crank s. - ;
gear s. , ;
shear ; ;
shears ;
alligator s. ;
bench s. ;
sheet ();
shellac ;
shifter ;
change s. ;
shop ; ;
shoulder , , , ;
silicon ;
slack ; ;
slag ;
sleeve ; ; ;
slide ; ; ;
cross s. ; ;
head s. ;
tool s. ; ;
slotter ;
socket , ;
solder ; ;
soldering ;
hard s. ;
soft s. ;
solid ; ; ;
solidification ;
solidify ;
span ( ); ( );
specimen ;
speed ;
spindle ;
tail s. ;
wheel s. ;
square ; ;
stamping ;
stand , ;
stationary , ;
steel ;
alloy s. , ;
carbon s. ;
high-speed s. ;
machine s. () ;
self-hardening s. ;
stainless s. ;
tool s. ;
stock ; ; ;
bar s. ;
stop , , ; ;
strain ; ;
strength ; ;
tensile s. , ;
ultimate s. ;
stress , ;
impact s. ;
tensile s. ;
unit s. ;
strip ;
terminal s. ;
stroke ;
subject -.;
successive ;
suit , ;
sulphur ;
superfinish ; ;
support , , ; ;
surface ; ;
bearing s. () ; ;
mating s. ;
concave s. ;
convex s. ;
swarf ;
swing ;
swivel
table ;
tailstock ();
tangent (), ;
tank ;
tap ; ; ;
nut t. ;
taper , ;
tapered , , ;
temper ();
tenacity , , ; ;
;
term ; ; ;
ternary ;
thermal , ;
thimble ; ;
ratchet t. ; ;
thread , ; ;
acme t. ;
buttress t. ;
double t. ;
external t. ;
female t. ;
flat t. ;
inch t. ;
internal t. ;
left-hand(ed) t. ;
male t. ;
metric t. ;
pipe t. ;
right-hand(ed) t. ;
round t. ;
screw t. , ;
single (-start) t. ;
square t. ;
trapezoidal t. ;
triangular t. ;
triple t.
Vee-t. ;
threading , ;
thrust ;
tin ;
tip , , ( );
tolerance ;
close t. ;
tool , , ;
angular cutting t. ;
boring t. ;
cutting t. , ;
cutting-off t. ;
finishing t. ;
gang t. , ;
inserted t. ;
multiple-point cutting t. ;
necking t. , ;
planing t. ;
roughing t. , ;
shaper t. ;
side t. () ;
single-point cutting t. ;
solid t. ;
thread t. ;
turning t. ;
torch ;
torque , ;
torsion ;
train ;
transmission t. ;
transverse ;
traverse , ; , ; ; ;
spindie hand t. ;
treadle , ;
treat ;
triangle ;
true , ; ;
tubular ;
tungsten ;
turn , , ;
turret , ;
twist ,
U
ultimate , ;
ultrasonic , ;
unit ; ; ; ;
V
valve , , ;
velocity ;
angular v. ;
vernier ;
vice ;
bench v. , ;
parallel v. ;
plain v. ;
swivel v. ;
view , ;
cross-sectional v. ;
front v.
W
wash out , ;
washer ;
ways ;
wear , ;
wearing ;
web ;
w
