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:

































 

 

 

 


.




, , . , , , . , .

, , :

-1     Y -100    
0,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,6 0,2

 

, .. ()= (Y)=0. , , , , 0 .

, , . , .

() .

, . , .. , M (X M (X)) = M (X) M (M (X)) = M (X) M (X) = 0.

, . , , , ( ) . , . , . , , , , , . .

D (X) , ..

D (X) = M [(X M (X))2] (6.4)

"" "".

, (X M (X))2 . , (X M (X))2 , , ( 1 M (X))2, , 1. 1, , , (X M (X))2 ( 1 M (X))2 1. . (6.4) :

; (6.5)

(6.6)

(6.6) , .

, , , , . , , . , .

σ () , ..

.

6.6. ,

     
0,3 0,5 0,2

. , ()=10,3+20,5+50,2=2,3.

( - ())2:

( - ())2 (1 - 2,3)2 (2 2,3)2 (5 2,3)2
0,3 0,5 0,2

,

( - ())2 1,69 0,09 7,29
0,3 0,5 0,2

: D (X) = M [(X M (X))2]=1,690,3+0,090,5+7,290,2=2,01. ■

6.7. , : f (x)=0,5 x Î(0,2); .

. (6.2) ,

.

(6.6) , (0,2):

. ■

, (6.4).

6.1. :

D (X) = M (X 2) M 2(X) (6.7)

. (6.4), ,

.

6.8. 6.6, (6.7). , ()=2,3. 2,

 

2      
0,3 0,5 0,2

( 2) = 10,3 + 40,5 + 250,2 = 7,3.

D () = 7,3 (2,3)2 = 2,01. ■

, (6.7) . , .

 

 

:

1. , .. D (C) = 0, .

. ,

D () = M [( M ())2]= M [( )2] = (0)= 0.

, , .

.

2. , , .. D (X) = 2 D (X).

. ,

D () = M [( M ())2]= M [( M ())2]= M [ 2( M ())2]=

= 2 M [( M ())2]= 2 D (X).

.

3. , .., Y ,

D (X + Y) = D (X) + D (Y).

. (6.7) ,

D (X+Y) = M ((X+Y)2) M 2(X+Y)= M (X 2+2 XY+Y 2) (M (X+Y))2=

= M (X 2) + M (2 XY) + M (Y 2) (M (X)+ M (Y))2 = M (X 2) + 2 M (X) M (Y) + M (Y 2) M 2(X) 2 M (X) M (Y) - M 2(Y) = M (X 2) M 2(X) + M (Y 2) M 2(Y) = D (X) + D (Y).

.

. .

.

4. , .. D (X Y) = D (X) + D (Y).

. , D (X Y) = D (X) + D ( Y) = D (X) + (1)2 D (Y) = D (X) + D (Y).

.

.

6.9. , n , .

. n .

n :

1 ;

2 ;

.

n n .

, = 1+ 2++ n. 1, 2, , n , . ,

D (X) = D (X 1) + D (X 2) + + D (X n).

1. :

1    
1−

 

( 1) = ; ( 12) = ; D (X 1) = 2 = (1 p)= pq.

, pq.

D (X) = D (X 1)+ D (X 2)++ D (X n) = npq. ■

, , , .

 





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