:
1. , .. ()= .
. 1= 1=1. (6.1) ()= ∙1= .
.
2. , .. ( Y) = () (Y).
. . Y :
x 1 | x 2 | xn | Y | y 1 | y 2 | ym | ||||
P | p 1 | p 2 | pn | Q | q 1 | q 2 | qm |
Y i j. pij , X i, Y j.
.
, . ,
.
.
. .
.
3. , .. Y , ( Y) = () (Y).
. . Y , , . , , Z = X Y
XY | x 1 y 1 | x 1 y 2 | x 1 ym | x 2 y 1 | x 2 y 2 | x 2 ym | xny1 | xny1 | xnym | ||||
P | p 1 q 1 | p 1 q 2 | p 1 qm | p 2 q 1 | p 2 q 2 | p 2 qm | pnq 1 | pnq 2 | pnqm |
,
.
.
. .
.
4. , .. ( ) = ().
. , ( )= () () = ().
.
, , .
6.5. n , .
. n . n :
|
|
1 ;
2 ;
.
n n .
, = 1+ 2++ n. , , ,
()= ( 1+ 2++ n)= ( 1)+ ( 2)++(n)= + ++ = n .
5.2. ■
. .
.
, i, i . , f (x) .
, , (); , ().
, : " < " " > ".
, , , . , :
( < ) = ( > ) = .
, , .
.