R . c():
> c (1:5, seq (10, 11, 0.2))
[1] 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.0
:
> x <-c (1,2,3,4)
> y <-c (1,1,1,1)
> z <-x + y
> z
[1] 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
; , .
:
> x <-c (1,2,3,4)
> y <-c (1,2)
> z <-x+y
> z
[1] 2 4 4 6
> x <-c (1,2,3)
> y <-c (1,2)
> z <-x+y
Warning message:
longer object length
is not a multiple of shorter object length in: x + y ( : : x + y)
> z
[1] 2 4 4
R , . , .
( ) , :
> x <-c (1,2,3,4)
> <-10
> z <-a*x
> z
[1] 10 20 30 40
:+,-, *,/, ^ ( ), %% (x %% y - ), %/% (x % / % y ( )).
.
:
sum(x) | |
prod(x) | |
max(x) | |
min(x) | |
which.max(x) | |
which.min(x) | |
range(x) | |
length(x) | |
mean(x) | |
median(x) | |
var(x) cov(x) | ( n-1); data.frame, - . |
cor(x) | . |
var(x,y) cov(x) | , data.frames |
cor(x,y) | , data.frames |
( 1), range() var(), cov() cor(), .
:
round(x,n) | x n |
rev(x) | x |
sort(x) | x ; rev(sort(x)) |
rank(x) | x |
log(x,base) | x base |
pmin(x,y,...) | , i- x [i], y [i]... |
pmax (x, y...) | , I- x [i], y [i]... |
cumsum(x) | , i- x [1] x [i] |
cumprod (x) | , i- x [1] x [i] |
cummin (x) | , i- x [1] x [i] |
cummax (x) | , i- x [1] x [i] |
match(x,y) | x x, y ( NA) |
choose(n,k) | k n |
na.omit(x) | (NA) ( , x data.frame) |
na.fail(x) | , x NA (s) |
table(x) | x ( ()) |
subset(x,...) | x (...) x ( : x$V1 <10); x - data.frame, select , |
|
|
R . matrix():
> matrix (data=5, nr=2, nc=2)
[, 1] | [, 2] | |
[1,] | ||
[2,] |
> matrix (1:6, nr=2, nc=3)
[, 1] | [, 2] | [, 3] | |
[1,] | |||
[2,] |
rbind() cbind() () , :
> m1 <-matrix (data=1, nr=2, nc=2)
> m2 <-matrix (data=2, nr=2, nc=2)
> rbind (m1, m2)
[,1] | [,2] | |
[1,] | ||
[2,] | ||
[3,] | ||
[4,] |
> cbind (m1, m2)
[,1] | [,2] | [,3] | [,4] | |
[1,] | ||||
[2,] |
% * %. , m1 m2 :
> rbind (m1, m2) % * % cbind (m1, m2)
:
[,1] | [,2] | [,3] | [,4] | |
[1,] | ||||
[2,] | ||||
[3,] | ||||
[4,] |
> cbind (m1, m2) % * % rbind (m1, m2)
[,1] | [,2] | |
[1,] | ||
[2,] |
t(); data.frame.
diag() , , .
> diag (m1)
[1] 1 1
> diag (rbind (m1, m2) % * % cbind (m1, m2))
[1] 2 2 8 8
> diag (m1) <-10
> m1
[,1] | [,2] | |
[1,] | ||
[2,] |
> diag (3)
[,1] | [,2] | [,3] | |
[1,] | |||
[2,] | |||
[3,] |
> v <-c (10,20,30)
> diag (v)
[,1] | [,2] | [,3] | |
[1,] | |||
[2,] | |||
[3,] |
> diag (2.1, nr=3, nc=5)
|
|
[,1] | [,2] | [,3] | [,4] | [,5] | |
[1,] | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
[2,] | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 | ||
[3,] | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 |
R
R . , demo (graphics). R , .
, .