, , , , , . - . . , 16. , . 10 : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. 16- 16 . : A,B,C,D,E,F.
, , , , , . , , .
Java , 16- , , 0x: 0x FF , 0x10 1016, 16.
N . , :
N = An 10n +... + A2 102 + A1 101 + A0 100 (An = 0.. 9)
:
N = Bn 2n +... + B2 22 + B1 21 + B0 20 (Bn = 0 1)
:
N = Cn 16n +... + C2 162 + C1 161 + C0 160 (Cn = 0.. F)
. , Bn An , An Bn - .
. N
N = Bn 2n +... + B2 22 + B1 21 + B0 20 (Bn = 0 1)
. . N.
:
010111102 . :
010111102 = 0×27+1×26+0×25+1×24+1×23+1×22+1×21+0×20=
= 0 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 =
= 9410
. N10
N = Bn 2n +... + B2 22 + B1 21 + B0 20 (Bn = 0 1)
: N 2 . ( ) B0 20. 2 , . B1 N. , , Bn.
, 34510 . :
|
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Bi
345 / 2 172 1 B0
172 / 2 86 0 B1
86 / 2 43 0 B2
43 / 2 21 1 B3
21 / 2 10 1 B4
10 / 2 5 0 B5
5 / 2 2 1 B6
2 / 2 1 0 B7
1 / 2 0 1 B8
34510 = 1010110012
N .
N = Bn 2n +... + B2 22 + B1 21 + B0 20 (Bi = 0 1)
N = Hn 16n +... + H2 162 + H1 161 + H0 160 (Hi = 0.. F16, F16 =1510)
, 16 = 24. . 0 F16, 0 1510. 24=16 ( 16- ). , ( ) :
00002 = 016
00012 = 116
00102 = 216
00112 = 316
01002 = 416
01012 = 516
01102 = 616
01112 = 716
10002 = 816
10012 = 916
10102 = A16
10112 = B16
11002 = C16
11012 = D16
11102 = E16
11112 = F16
, 10110101112 :
10110101112 = 0010 1101 01112 = 2D716
~ | ( , ) | ~i | |
^ | (XOR) | i^j | |
& | (AND) | i&j | |
| | (OR) | i|j |
<< | |
>>> | |
>> |
&= | y&=x y=y&x |
|= | y|=x y=y|x |
^= | y^=x y=y^x |
>>= | y>>=x y= y>>x |
>>>= | y>>>=x y= y>>>x |
<<= | y<<=x y= y<<x |
, 0 1 . k- k- . , byte.
) a 1 m a|m (, , , OR).
a = a3*23 + a2*22 + a1*21 + a0*20, ai ( , ).
a | a3 | a2 | a1 | a0 |
m | ||||
a|m | a3 | a1 |
, a . , OR , , .
) a 0 m a&m (, , , AND):
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a | a3 | a2 | a1 | a0 |
m | ||||
a&m | a2 | a0 |
, a . , AND , , .
) ( , ) a, m , a^m (, , , XOR):
a | ||||
m | ||||
a^m |
, , m , a : 1, 0, 0 1. .
XOR XOR :
a^m | ||||
m | ||||
(a^m)^m |
, , a. , (a ^ m) ^ m = a, . XOR . XOR . - XOR , graphics.setXORMode().
, .
~a.
<<, >> >>> , , . .
n m<<n m 2n. ( ), , . , ( ), , , .
n m>>n m>>>n m 2n. m >> >>> .
m. , . , , , int long, 32- 64- .
m -1. m=11112. m<<1 m=111102, - , m=11102=-2. m 2n.
. >> , . , m 2n , . m>>>n, , . 2n. , . , .
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, , , float Float.intBitsToFloat( ) double Double.intBitsToDouble ( ). , Float.intBitsToFloat(0x7F7FFFFF) float.