1. 0,1 1,32∙10-2. .
. , :
2. , , 72%, [Cl-]= 0,5 /.
. , , :
CaCl2 = Ca+ + 2Cl-.
, , , 0,5 Cl- 0,25 CaCl2, 72% .
, :
[CaCl2]= =0,347 /.
3. Ag2CO3 25 6,15 × 10-12. [Ag+] [32-] .
. Ag2CO3 :
Ag2CO3 2Ag++ CO32-.
, 32-, [CO32-] Ag2CO3
.
Ag2CO3 , , ( ), /:
[CO32-]=[Ag2CO3]= (Ag2CO3); [Ag+]=2[Ag2CO3]=2(Ag2CO3);
Ag2CO3 = [Ag+]2∙[CO32-]=(2 )2× = 4 3.
(Ag2CO3) = /.
: [CO32-]= (Ag2CO3)=1,15×10-4 / .
[Ag+]=2 (Ag2CO3)=2 × 1,15×10-4 = 2,3×10-4 / .
4. 25 6,1×10-5. , CaSO4 [CaCl2]=0,1 / c [Na2SO4]=0,01 /.
. , :
CaCl2 + Na2SO4 = CaSO4↓+ 2NaCl,
Ca2+ + 2Cl- + 2Na+ + SO42- = CaSO4↓+ 2Na+ + 2Cl-,
Ca2+ + SO42- = CaSO4↓.
. [2+] [SO42-] , , , CaSO4, . [2+] [SO42-] , aSO4, . , , .. [CaCl2] = 0,05 /, [Na2SO4] = 0,005 /. [2+] [SO42-] : [Ca2+] = 0,05 /, [SO42-] = 0,005 /. [2+] [SO42-]
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CaSO4 = [Ca2+]× [SO42-]=5×10-2´5×10-3 = 2,5×10-4;CaSO4=6,1∙10-5.
CaSO4>CaSO4 , SO4 .
5. [+] [-] = 12,4. .
. .
= lg[H+],
lg[H+] = 12,4.
: [H+]=10-12,4=10 0,6∙10-13 =3, 98∙10-13 /.
2 =[H+] × [OH- ]=10-14 [OH- ]= =2,5∙10-2=0,025 /. [- ]>[H+], (> 7).