() ()+ ()
() (∆S >0), , (∆H <0), .. .
, .
- . , :
G = H − TS, (3.14)
∆G=∆H − T∆S. (3.15)
(T∆S) , .. () , . () , .
. DG , ( max), :
∆G =− max.
- .
, , .. ∆G <0.
∆G .
∆G <0 .
∆G> 0 .
∆G= 0 .
∆G = ∆H − T∆S :
1) ∆H <0 ∆S >0, ∆G <0, .. ;
2) ∆H> 0 ∆S <0, ∆G >0, .. ;
3) (∆H <0, ∆S <0 ∆H >0, ∆S >0) ∆G ∆H T∆S. ∆H ∆S , . () , . , .
∆H <0, ∆S <0; ∆G < 0 , .. . , , T∆S , ∆H T∆S. , , ∆H.
|
|
∆H >0, ∆S >0, T∆S , ∆H ∆S. ∆G <0 , .. ;
4) ∆ G =0 , (, , ).
. , :
G A=(G oA+ RT ln p A) n A, (3.16)
G A− (p ¹1 ); G oA− ( =1 =298 ); n A − .
DG298 − 1 , ( =101,3 =298 ).
∆G 298 , − /.
, , . , ∆G 298,2() = 0 /.
. ( =101,3 =298 )
∆G 298, = ∆H 298, T∆S 298, , (3.17)
∆H 298,, ∆S 298, −
, /; − , 298 .
, , . (∆G 298, ) , :
∆G 298, = ∆G 298, ∆ G 298, . (3.18)
∆G , , ( 298 ), , (∆H ) (∆S ) :
∆G = ∆H T∆ S. (3.19)