, , .
(3). UR = IR Ul = IXl .
UR UL , U=UR+Ul = 140 . , , (. 4.21). , .
UR, (. . 4.10), UL, 90 (. .4.18). , UR UL 90. , :
U=√U2R+ U2 L (4.9)
, , , , , , 90 (1).
(4.9) U=√I2 R2 + √I2 X2 L = I√R2 + √X2 L = IZ,
Z :
Z = √R 2 + X2 L; (4.10)
I=U/Z. (4.11)
(4.11) , (4.10) . ( ) (. 4.21) , (. 4.22),
R= Z cos φ; XL = Z sin φ. (4.12)
P = I2R,
Ql = I2Xl. S = I2Z.
( ) , (. 4.23),
S = UI, S =√P2 + Q2L ; (4.13)
P = S cosφ = UI cosφ; (4.14)
Q = S sin φ == UI sin φ. (4.15)
(), - (), - ( ).
(4.12), (4.15) cosφ sinφ, φ, . .4.21, 4.22, 4.23. , .
,
(. 4.24) UR = IR, UL = IXL, U = 1 U. UL U Up.
(. 4.25), UL , a Uc 90, , (1).
( ) ,
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(. 4.26). Q = QL QC
S= √ P 2 + √(QL - Q C) 2 (4.16)
(2).
( ) , (. 4.27), = XL XC
(3).
, XL X Ql Qc? , , eL ( XL Ql) C ( Qc) (. 4.28). , , (. 4.28,),
( ), ( ). L , , , . L eL . (. 4.28, ): , , eLy , , . eL .
,
I=U/√R2 + X2L.
X = XL , , ,
UL =IXL. , (4). XL=XC.
XL (. 4.29): )
φ ( )
- ; ) φ ( ) - ; ) , . , UL = UC, XL = . XL, . . , L f.
X = XL = 0, I = U/ √R2 + √ (XL )2 = U/R (. 4.30).
XL = , .. 2πfL = 1/(2πf ), , .
, . , ,
( ). , : , R, L , . .
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, . , , (4) , , .