1. clause
2. written into
3. plaintiff
4. settlement
5. up to date
6. contract renewal
7. court hearings
8. innocuous
9. negotiating
10. case
a) harmless, not dangerous
b) part of a contract, stating a condition
c) extension or continuation of a previous agreement
d) included, as part of a contract
e) reaching an agreement by discussion and ompromise
f) agreement that ends a dispute
g) claimant in a civil trial
h) informed of the most recent developments
i) legal action or trial
j) exploratory legal proceedings to establish if there are grounds
for a full trial
Reading tasks
A Understanding main points
Mark these statements Т (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text on the opposite page. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.
a. The legal issue related to a new contract between the Disney company and Jeffrey Katzenberg.
b. His first contract was written in 1984 and said he would receive part of future profits whether he stayed as an employee or not.
c. Katzenberg was studio head for 10 years.
d. Katzenberg said he was owed $580171.
e. Lawyers disagreed that Katzenberg was entitled to profits from films made while he was studio cl
f. For several years, Disney Corporation did not make profits.
g. Under Katzenberg's leadership, Disney Corporation made $3i2bn.
Vocabulary tasks
A Word search
Find a word or phrase in the text that has a similar meaning,
1 complicated language associated with specialised subjects (para 2)
j..............................................
2 large amount of income (para 2)
s................... r...................
3 additional or extra markets which lead to sources of income (para 2)
a...................
1 when money due to be paid to someone grows over time (para 2)
a...................
2 sum of money, established by a court, that someone is owed (para 2)
a...................a...................
3 money paid to someone because they have been hurt (para 3)
с...................
4 part of a contract offering a percentage of company profits (para 4)
b................... с...................
5 statement made to the court (para 4)
d...................
6 financial losses (para 4)
7 d...................
8 someone who brings a legal action against someone in a court of law (para 6)
P...................
В Style
These phrases (1-10) are used in the text for effect Match them with the definitions.
1. slanting across
2. screamed out for attention
3. in the most bitter circumstances
4. escaped the clutches of
5. raiders
6. bent on taking control
7. mighty
8. stormed out
9. seat-of-the-pants guess
10. by his own account
a) powerful
b) at an angle
c) left quickly, in an angry way
d) a rough estimate, not carefully calculated
e) determined to be the boss
f) aggressive business operators
g) according to him, in his words
h) demanded to be treated seriously
i) in a very angry and upsetting situation
j) avoiding being captured by
С Phrases with contract
Use an appropriate form of the words in the box to complete each sentence.
draft draw up sign break renew void bid for exchange
- Six specialist lawyers were asked to.................... the contract with the Chinese consortium.
- Jeffrey Katzenberg...................................... his contract with Disney in 1988.
- The collaboration was a great success, so they were happy to the contract.
- Finally, all parties agreed on all the clauses and provisions and the contract.
- There was an official competition for companies to construct the new railway - each had to the contract.
- The judge said that the actress had left the film-set without finishing the film, and thus had her contract.
- Both parties failed to keep the conditions of the deal so the contract
was............................................
- The buyer of the house and the seller of the house contracts after a successful negotiation on the price and removal date.
Задание №3: Выполните следующие грамматические задания.
1. Задайте вопрос, начинающийся со слов в скобках.
a) Summer plans will be discussed after our exams. (What…?)
b) The flat was decorated in a very good taste. (How…&)
c) Many beautiful buildings in our city were designed by Rossi. (Who…by?)
d) He had been punished for the harm he did. (What…for?)
e) The table was laid for two persons. (For how many…?)
f) Two thousand dollars have been paid for this collection of books. (How much…?)
2. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог.
a) Students write test every month.
b) Last year we exported more than a million cars from Japan.
c) I repaired my vacuum cleaner in that workshop.
d) People will use this road very often.
e) Mother is cutting her daughter’s hair now.
f) The teacher has corrected all mistakes in your dictation.
3. Переведите предложения, употребив страдательный залог.
a) Мне только что предложили командировку в Сибирь.
b) Приглашения были посланы всем бывшим студентам нашего факультета.
c) Сейчас детям рассказывают вечернюю сказку.
d) Проблеме обучения иностранных языков уделяется много внимания.
e) Над его манерой говорить часто смеются.
f) Решили, что понедельник – самый удобный день для собрания.
4. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, используя правила согласования времен.
a) “Has she given you the reply yet?” asked Rick.
b) The Prince said, “Your picture was beautiful, but you are even more beautiful, Alice.”
c) Mother says, “Do your homework and after that you’ll watch ЕМЭю
d) “I am looking for my shirt ” answered the boy.
e) “Is that the end of the story?” asked the boy.
f) He said, “Did they stay in town last weekend, Mother?”
5. Переведите предложения, используя правила согласования времен.
a) Он спрашивает своего приятеля, смотрит ли он телевизор каждый день.
b) Она спросила, что делает в соседней комнате сестра.
c) Подруга спрашивает, почему я не принесла ей журналы.
d) Он спросил, видел ли я уже этот спектакль.
e) Друзья спросили меня, приду ли я на вокзал проводить их.
f) Он спросил, где мы ждали его.
ВАРИАНТ 2
Задание №1: Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите текст.
Travelling
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them — the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.
Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.
People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.
All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and destinations.
If we are fond of travelling, we see and leam a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers, and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.
Задание №2: Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выполните задания к тексту.
Solicitor or barrister?
The solicitor is the first point of contact with the law for a client in the UK. The solicitor listens carefully to the client, making sure their needs are clearly understood and then explains the legal position and tenders advice. By contrast, barristers will only see the client in the company of a briefing solicitor. The barrister is the specialist with particular skills in advocacy, a consultant who will examine the case and decide what line to take in court. The barrister will be reliant on the detailed brief prepared by the client's solicitor. There are only a few solicitors who are allowed to present cases in the higher courts. Many more solicitors work in their litigation departments and spend much of their time preparing briefs for counsel. Barristers are self-employed in the independent Bar. Solicitors are normally salaried and may be offered a share in the profits of the practice if they are successful.
The Bar is a small but influential independent body with just over 8,000 practising barristers in over 400 chambers in England and Wales. In addition, there are about 2,000 barristers employed as in-house lawyers. The Bar is an advocacy profession. The Bar's right of audience in the higher courts remains virtually unchallenged. The work divides equally between civil and criminal law. There are over 70 specialist areas, including major ones like chancery (mainly property and finance) and the commercial bar.
Judges in England and Wales have mostly been barristers of 10 years' standing, then Queen's Counsellors, and are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Judges cannot work as barristers once they are appointed. A barrister who is a part-time judge is known as a Recorder. The Crown Prosecutor, who works for the Director of Public Prosecutions, is responsible for prosecuting criminals based on evidence presented by the police.
Solicitors do a variety of work - corporate and commercial, litigation, property, private law, banking and project finance, employment law and environmental law. There are about 66,000 practising solicitors in England and Wales.
Discuss these questions.
1. In your country, are there different kinds of lawyers? If so, what are the differences?
2. Can you describe the normal way that lawyers become qualified to practise law in your country?
Reading tasks
A Understanding main points
Mark these statements Т (true) or F (false), according to the information in the text on the opposite page. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.
- If you have any kind of legal question the first person you consult is a barrister,
- A barrister and a solicitor are both qualified lawyers in the UK.
- 'Preparing a brief for counsel' means a solicitor writes a detailed description of a case so as to inform the expert (the barrister) of all the facts and main legal points.
- A solicitor cannot speak in a higher court.
- A barrister in the UK is an independent qualified lawyer.
- If you want to work for a law firm and receive a regular salary, you should become a solicitor.
- There are more solicitors than barristers.
- Barristers often specialise in particular areas of the law, like property or contracts.
- A barrister may become a judge, but a solicitor cannot.
- 10 The law is the same in England as in Scotland but differs in Wales.
- A Recorder is a part-time judge.
- 12 One of the roles of the police in the UK is to assemble sufficient evidence for a criminal case to come to court.
В Understanding expressions
Choose the best explanation for each of these words or phrases from the text
1 tenders advice
a) offers advice
b) bids for advice
c) refuses advice
2 briefing solicitor
a) lawyer who works quickly
b) lawyer who writes a letter
c) lawyer who prepares a case for court
3 advocacy
a) speaking or pleading in the court
b) lawyers
c) rich and famous people
4 line
a) queue
b) time to allocate
c) position
5 salaried
a) with postgraduate degrees
b) receiving regular pay
c) independent
6 practising
a) not very good yet
b) in training
c) professionally working
7 chambers
a) bedrooms
b) barristers' offices
c) changing rooms
8 in-house
a) hoteliers
b) employed by a company
c) independent
9 right of audience
a) performing on stage
b) tickets to observe
c) allowed to speak in court
1O commercial bar
a) expensive drinks
b) law of business
c) trade and industry ban
С Comparing texts
Read the text below and complete the sentences which follow.
Attorney at Law
A person admitted to practise law in their respective state and authorised to perform both civil and criminal legal functions for clients, including drafting of legal documents, giving of legal advice, and representing such before courts, administrative agencies, boards, etc.
Prosecutor
One who prosecutes another for a crime in the name of the government. One who instigates the prosecution upon which an accused is arrested or who prefers an accusation against the party whom they suspect to be guilty, as does a district, county, or state's attorney on behalf of the state, or a United States Attorney for a federal district on behalf of the US government.
In Spain, the universities are in charge of the education of lawyers. Anyone completing a law degree is entitled to be called a lawyer and may work as a lawyer for a legal practice or in a company. However, to achieve public office and work for the State Judiciary, as a notary or judge, for example, graduate lawyers must compete for places through public examinations and then attend judicial school for two years. They then may be appointed as civil servants anywhere in the country.
- In England and Wales, a...................................... prepares briefs but does not represent the clients in court. This is done by a In the US, both functions are performed by an...........
- In the US a................................................ instigates a prosecution against someone suspected of a crime. This can be done at district, county, state or federal level. In England and Wales this is done by the
..................................................................... who works for the Department of Public Prosecutions. - In England and Wales, a judge is appointed by the Lord Chancellor from barristers who have worked successfully for over 10 years and who have attained the status of............................In Spain, lawyers wishing to become judges have to attend for....................................................................................................... years.
Vocabulary tasks
A Collocations
Match the verbs and nouns. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary.
1. instigate
2. bring
3. prefer
4. prepare
5. reach
6. settle
7. charge
8. arrest
9. defend
10. infringe
a) a client
b) a prosecution
c) a copyright
d) a suspect
e) a fee
f) out of court
g) a verdict
h) a case
i) a brief
j) an accusation
В Complete the sentences
Use an appropriate phrase from Exercise A to complete each sentence.
1.................................. A prosecutor can...................................................... an.. or a against someone suspected of committing a crime.
- In the UK, only the Crown Prosecution Service can............................ a
............................... against someone on a criminal charge.
- By copying my novel and selling it as your own, you have not only my but also betrayed my trust as a friend.
4. The two sets of lawyers agreed not to go to trial but to..................... out of......................................
5. Some lawyers do not......................... a............................... if the client asks for very simple advice.
6. The jury took three days to........................ a.................................
7. All lawyers must........................ their............................... even if they doubt their innocence.
8. As a solicitor in a large company, I spend a lot of time......................... for barristers.
9. The police had sufficient evidence of his guilt to................................. the
...................................
С Branches of the law
Match the different branches of the law with the examples.
1. litigation
2. corporate and commercial
3. family
4. environmental
5. employment
6. private
7. advocacy
8. public international
9. intellectual property
10. procedural law
a) treaties and cross-border agreements
b) bringing lawsuits against others
c) contracts and mergers
d) rules applyied to how a prosecution or civil action is conducted
e) civil cases
f) pleading a case in court on behalf of a client
g) divorce and marriage settlements
h) relating to creativity, published ideas and art forms
i) equal opportunities and fair pay
j) regarding industrial waste and pollution
Задание №3: Выполните следующие грамматические задания.
1.Задайте вопрос, начинающийся со слов в скобках.
а) Warm clothes are made of wool. (What … of?)
b) This money will be given to you on Friday. (When …?)
c) The ship has been sunk on purpose. (Has…?)
d) The car is being repaired in the garage. (Where…?)
e) The car was bought for 20 thousand dollars. (For how much…?)
2. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог.
a) His enemies were following him all the night.
b) The student discussed the book at the class of English.
c) This doctor treats my son.
d) The mechanic has already repaired our TV – set.
e) He translated the book during two years.
f) Before every holiday mother sends a lot of greeting cards.
3. Переведите предложения, употребив страдательный залог.
a) Нам разрешили взять книги в библиотеке на семестр.
b) Ей пока не дали определенного ответа.
c) Их решение было одобрено комиссией.
d) Его долги будут оплачены его родными.
e) Ей показалось, что над ними смеются.
f) Его везде искали, но так и не нашли.
4. Переведите предложения с прямой речи в косвенную, используя правила согласования времен.
a) William says, “We study two foreign languages”.
b) The girl said, “ I saw a very good film on TV yesterday”.
c) She said, “ How many stories by Maugham have you read this term, Mary?”
d) He said, “ I shall send the money to a charity organization, Alec”.
e) She said, “ Have you ever eaten oysters, Ann?”
f) He said, “ Shall I ring the bell for tea?”
5. Переведите предложения, используя правила согласования времен.
a) Он сообщает, что с октября там стоит плохая погода.
b) Я сказала, что я ему уже позвонила.
c) Она сказала, что из Мэри получится хорошая хозяйка.
d) Продавщица спросила Катю, подходит ли ей красное платье.
e) Дети спросили, когда начнутся каникулы.
f) Он спросил, где мы жили до приезда в Москву.
ВАРИАНТ 3
Задание №1: Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите текст.
Health
We are healthy When all parts of our bodies and of our minds work together properly. We cannot be happy unless we feel well.
The ancient Greeks knew the value of good health. They even named one goddess Hygeia, which means goddess of health. Hygeia was the daughter of Asclepius, the god of medicine. The Greeks prayed to her to give them good health.
The Romans spoke of health in a proverb: "A healthy mind in a healthy body." in addition to physical health, an understanding of mental health is also important. The body does a great deal to take care of itself, but by learning a few important health rules, it is possible to help the body to work at its best.
Many people will say: "Good health means not being ill." That is true. But health is more than that. Good health is something positive. We have good health when our bodies and our minds are able to work at their best.
The human body is much more complicated than any machine. Yet it needs less day-to-day care than machine. No machine can do all the things the body can do. No machine will work for 70 years or more, day and night, requiring only air, water, food, and a few simple rules.
Задание №2: Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выполните задание к тексту.
