1 Which of these statements gives the best summary of the text of the opposite page?
a) Multinational companies should try to standardise their approach to training and development.
b) The way people learn should be considered when planning international training courses.
c) The US approach to training is the most effective.
2 Which approach to training in international organisations do you think the authors prefer?
a) standardised training methods
b) a mixed pedagogical approach
Understanding details
Mark these statements (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.
- German and Swiss managers like training courses to be clear and well-structured.
- British managers dislike training courses and prefer to learn by doing things on the job.
- Asian managers want to learn from the teacher, not from each other.
- Courses attended by British and US participants often lead to conflict and arguments.
- British trainers are often concerned about the status of participants in their seminars.
- British and American trainers like using role plays and simulations.
- European managers consider American training courses to be badly organised.
Understanding meanings
1 Choose the best explanation for the phrase 'loss efface'.
a) when someone is embarrassed in front of others
b) when someone has a different opinion from others in a discussion
2 Choose the best explanation for the phrase 'wisdom resides in the hierarchy'.
a) older and more senior people have more knowledge than younger people
b) you should never disagree with a teacher in public
3 Match the approaches to teaching and learning from the box with their definitions.
cognitive experiential inductive deductive
a) learning which involves reading, thinking about and understanding the main ideas of
an issue cognitive-
b) studying the general rule in a theoretical way and then applying this to particular cases;
in other words, going from the general to the particular
c) learning which involves taking part in activities and then discussing the results of the activity
d) looking at particular examples or cases and working out the general rule or principle which they demonstrate; in other words, going from the particular to the general
D How the text is organised
The following phrases summarise the purpose of each paragraph. Match each phrase with the correct paragraph.
a) cultures in which discussion and debate are favoured ways of learning
b) the importance of culture when planning the way training is structured
c) the benefits of using different training styles
d) an intellectual and rational approach vs. a practical and activity-based approach
e) reasons for standardising training approaches
f) when group work can cause problems
Vocabulary tasks
A Contrast and comparison
1 The text uses the phrase 'in contrast with' to express contrast Find another phrase with a similar meaning.
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2 In paragraph 4 the Anglo-Saxon and continental European approaches to teaching and learning are described and compared in considerable detail. One phrase is used four times to indicate the idea of preferring one way to another.
a) What is it?
b) Can you think of another phrase to replace it?
Opposites
Find a word in the text that has an opposite meaning.
- structured
- clear
- reflective
- theoretical
Synonyms
Find a word in the text that has a similar meaning.
- right
- disagreement
- express ideas and opinions
- challenge
- development
D Word search
Find a word or phrase from the text that has a similar meaning.
1 generally prefer (para 1)
t....................................................... to f............................
2 something that is easier and more acceptable to do (para 2)
. m........................... n...............................
3 understand and accept an idea (para 2)
s. the p......................
4 absolutely normal or usual (para 3)
P n.............................
5 to another person's disadvantage or embarrassment (para 3)
at the e. of ...................................
6 worried about something (para 3)
..
7 get great benefit from (para 6)
h...................................................... a I............................. to g..............................
3: .
1. (. Indefinite):
a) build, built, builds;
b) were, is, are, was, am;
c) give, gave, gives;
d) wrote, will write, writes;
e) goes in for, go in for, went in for;
f) become, becomes, became;
g) does, do, did, will do;
h) knew, knows, know;
i) will play, played, play;
j) has, have, had.
2. :
a) I usually.......... lunch at home (to have).
b) Where you......... from? (to be)
c) They........ Africa last year (to visit).
d) I...... with you, if you....................... me an ice-cream (to go, to buy).
e) Who...... on duty today? (to be)
3. :
a) We'll go to bur Granny next year.
b) My father bought very sweet cakes yesterday.
c) He likes playing chess.
d) My brother doesn't ever wait for us.
e) There is a nice picture on the wall.
4. :
a) The three musicians play on a (new) stage.
b) She speaks in a (loud) voice than the last time.
c) They leave (quick) way they can.
d) Is it (cheap) to go there by car or by train?
e) This is (great) problem she has ever had.
5. :
a) Susan is............... person in the whole band.
a wonderful, a more wonderful, the most wonderful
b) Happiness is................. than money.
important, more important, the most important
c) Betty is............... than Jane but Kate is.............................. of all
a hard-working, less hard-working, the least hard-working
d) This room is not so..................... as mat one on the first floor
comfortable, more comfortable, the most comfortable
e) Money is................ but isn't.................... thing in life
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important, more important, the most important
6. :
brave; the most polite; less expensive; more; smarter; little; heavier; tall; the most comfortable; wet; prettier; cheerful; more selfish; big; worse.
2
1: , .
Krasnodar
Those, who prefer the warm weather to the cold rainy one are welcome to the Krasnodar region because it is located in the South of the European part of Russia near the very popular Black Sea coast. The Krasnodar territory covers an area of more than 76 thousand square km-s and has a population about 5 million people. The center of the Kr. territory is Krasnodar. Krasnodar was founded in 1793 by the Cossacks from Zaporozhye who were sent by Catherine the Great to guard the southern borders of Russia.In honor of Ekaterina the second the town was named Ekaterinodar (a gift from Ekaterina). hi 1920 after the establishment of the Soviet power the town received a new name Krasnodar (a gift from Red Army). Nowadays Krasnodar is a big city with the population of more than eight hundred thousand people Krasnodar is an industrial center, there are many industrial enterprises in it Some of them are well- known not only in our country but also abroad. The city is a cultural center too. There are three theatres: a Drama Theatre,a Musical Comedy Theatre and a Puppet-Show Theatre,a circus a concert hall, some Palaces of Culture, many cinemas in Krasnodar. There are two museums: an Art Museum and Historical Museum in our city. Krasnodar is a beautiful, green city having a blend of different architectural styles. There are many 19 th century buildings in the center of Krasnodar. Sometimes people say that Krasnodar is a city of students: Indeed, there are many higher education establishments in it such as:
l)Kuban State Medical Academy (was established in 1921)
2) Kuban State University of Technology
3)Kuban State Agrarian University (was established in 1922)
4) Kuban StateUniversity (was founded in 1920)
5) Krasnodar State Academy of Physical Training (was founded in 1969)
6) Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art.
Many technical colleges not to speak of secondary schools. Great attention is paid to the health protection of the inhabitants of Krasnodar. There are many hospitals, policlinics and even modem medical centers. Krasnodar is growing very quickly. Every year new blocks of flats and even whole districts of dwelling houses come into being in our city. Krasnodar is a mixture of peoples and nations from all parts of our country. Krasnodar is getting better and better and I like it very much.
2: , . .
