() () . . .
1. . , :
P0 = g (L-L) 10-6 + P. (15)
2. ,G,3/3 P=P0. :
G = G0 R (D1 (1 + R) - 1),(16)
D1 = 4,06 (* * - 1.045), (17)
*- ( 4 0,1 ) 1000 /3);
*- ( 0 0,1 1,293 /3);
R = Log(n) / Log(10 P), (18)
n = P / P. (19)
3. , ρV, /3, (P=P0), :
* = t (* - 0,0036 (1 + R) (105,7 + U1 R)), (20)
t = 1 + 0,0054 (t - 20); (21)
U1 = * G - 186; (22)
R = lg(n) / lg(10 P); (23)
n = P / P.
4. :
* = G0 / (* - * G / G0),
= G0 - G - , /3.
5. (P=P0), :
b = 1 + 1,0733 * 0,001 * - 6,5 10-4 P, (24)
= 3,54 (1,2147 - *) + 1,0337 * +
+ 5,581 * (1 - 1,61 * * 0,001 ) 0.001 *(25)
6. :
7.
Q = Q0 (1 - B) b + Q0 * B. (26)
8. V,3 , P=P0. :
V = G (1 - B) Q z P0 T / (P 0 T0), (27)
z - ( 1);
P0 - 0,1 ;
0 - 293 (20).
8. w .
:
w0 = 2 /, B £ 0,4,
w0 = 17 / B > 0,4.
2, 45 . 0 45 .
5.14
| W45/w0 | |
| 0,1 | 1,07 |
| 0,2 | 1,14 |
| 0,25 | 1,4 |
| 0,3 | 1,6 |
| 0,35 | 1,8 |
| 0,4 | 1,96 |
|
|
|
9. , , :
:
K = K0/[1+1,05Q/(w F)],(28
K0 - , : K0 = 1 - (d/D)2; (29)
F - , 2.
K = 1/[1+1,05Q/(w f')], (30)
f' - , 2.
f' = (D2-d2)/4. (31)
9. , , :
V = V K. (32)
P0
, .
-. P = P0. L0 = L.
1. P, :
= V P0 / P / w0 / f, (33)
f - , 2:
f = (D2-d2)/4. (34)
2. P, :
= P T0/ (P0 T), (35)
3. P, :
= + (1 - ). (36)
4. P, :
(dP/dH)= g cos() 10-6 (37)
5. H ( - 5 ).
6. P P, :
P = (dP/dH) H. (38)
7. 1 5.7.3
: ) 1 ( 5.7.3) ; ) P (0,1 ); ) 5 5.7.3 .
5 5.7.3 P0.
L0 (.. P0, 1 5.7.2.) L. P0 2 5.7.3. P0 , P0 = 0,1 (1 ). : P0 = 0,05 (L - L0) g 10-6. L0 ( P0) L.
P0 L.
|
|
|
. - ( ).
P = P0. L = L.
1. G, V, (*) (*) , (), (b) (Q) P ( 16-27 5.7.3.) ).
2. P, :
= V / (V +Q). (39)
3. ( 8 5.7 ).
4. :
w=4(Q+V)/(D2).
5. :(40)
j = w / (w +w). (41)
6. :
* = */b(1+ 1,293*10-3 ). (42)
7. :
= (1 - B)+ B. (43)
8. :
= (1-j) + j.(44)
9. :
= 1 / c (c 20)A,(45)
b=2,5210-3 1/C, c=10 20 >1000,
b=1,4410-3 1/C, c=100 10 £ 20 £1000,
b=0,7610-3 1/C, c=1000 20 <10;
A=1/(1+b(t-20)lg(c20)). (46)
10. :
=AB,(47)
A = exp(-87,24 10-4 * + 12,9 10-6 (*)2); (48)
B = exp(-47,11 10-4 * + 8,3 10-6 (*)2); (49)
* - 15 3/3, , :
* = 0,983 (1+5 ) G0 10-3, (50)
= 10-3 2,638 (1,169-*) 0,78£ £0,86, (51)
= 10-3 1,975 (1,272-*) 0,86< £0,96; (52)
10.
, :
w = 0,064 56B (g D)1/2 (53)
B £ 0,5 w > w, - " " :
:
w = 8 w / D, (54)
, , :
A = (1 + 20 B2) / w 0,48 B (55)
A>1, = A (1 + 2,9 B) / (1 - B). (56)
A£1, = (1 + 2,9 B) / (1 - B). (57)
B > 0,5 w < w, - " " :
= 103.2 * (1 - B). (58)
11. :
Re=w2D/ (59)
12. , :
= 0,067(158/Re +2/D)0,2, (6)
- (, , , = 1,410-5).
13. , :
|
|
|
(dp/dH) = w2 10-6/(2D). (61)
14. , :
(dp/dH) = 10-6 cos +(dp/dH). (62)
15. H ( - 5 ).
16. P P.
P = (dP/dH) H. (63)
17. 1.
18. L. P .
, . 5.15
5.15 -1
| 3\ | % | \ | 3\ | % | \ | |||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| 450 | .450*-60 . | |||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| 29 | .29*44, . | |||||||||||
| FS950 | 0,2 | .FS950*-160, . | ||||||||||
| -25 | .-25*-50, . |
5.15
| 750 | .750*125, . | |||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| 44 | 0,3 | .44*-25, . | ||||||||||
| -50 | .-50*-80, . | |||||||||||
| -80 | .-80*-125, . | |||||||||||
| -25 | .-25*-50, . | |||||||||||
| 280 | .280*-60, . |
| 1508 133 - - | ||||
| ||||
| , . . | ||||
| , . . | ||||
| , . . | ||||
| , | ||||
| , | ||||
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| , /3 | 0,85 | |||
| , /3 | 1,014 | |||
| , /3 | 0,87 | |||
| , | ||||
| , | ||||
| ., | ||||
| Q , 3/. | ||||
| h , | ||||
|
|
|
1 63% , , 37% . , , 833/, , , 15,03/. , , , , , .
2. , , - . , :
- ;
- ( , , , );
- .
, , 435.
. ( 5.2), 1998 2001 , , , ..
3. ,
, :
- ,
, ;
- , ;
- ;
-
.
4. , , . , .
5. 1508/133, . , .
6. .
6.1
, , .
, , .
, .. , .
. .
|
|
|
- -1 18 , . 1508 133. - 12 2003 .
6.1 .
| / | . | ||
| 1. | |||
| 2. | . | 13,87 | |
| 3. | ( 1.) | . | |
| 4. | . . | ||
| 6. | - 1 | % | |
| 7. | 1 | . | |
| 8. | % | ||
| 9. | % | ||
| 10. | % |
6.2 .
.
:
Δt =Δt-Δt-t-Δt., (6.1)
Δt t- , ..
Δt t- , ..
t t- , ..
Δt t- , ..,
(t)
, :
Δ(Q)t = ΔQt * t, (6.2)
t , .. / .
Δt t,
Δt = t + t, (6.3)
t ,..
t t- , ..
t = *n, (6.4)
n .
t = ΔQt * ., (6.5)
. - , ./.,
,..(=0)
, , (t), , . :
t t
d=(1+..), (6.6)
.. .
t , .
:
. = . .
