It may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago there were natives of the British Isles, who did not speak English. The Western land of Wales spoke Welsh; in the farthest north and the islands of Scotland the language was Gaelic; and in Ireland people spoke a similar language, Irish Gaelic; Manx was the language of the Isle of Man, and Cornish was the language of the south-western tip of Britain.
Were not talking about dialects localized versions of a language which often contain alternative words or phrases for certain things; but which are forms of English. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish are complete languages with their own grammar, poetry and stories all that we call a culture.
Strangely enough, theres a strong revival of interest in them. In Scotland Gaelic Language Society has existed for eighty years. Its dedicated to preserving the traditions of the Gaelic songs, verse and prose. And more and more people in the Lowland areas of Scotland, as well as the islands, where Gaelic is still spoken, now want to learn the language.
Since the early 1970s, more and more people are learning Gaelic and go to evening classes. Now people in schools can choose to take Gaelic for their final exams. In Wales the Welsh language Society was formed in 1962 and it has been fighting to restore Welsh to an equal place with English. In 1967 they won an important victory: Welsh was recognized as being equally valid for use in law courts, either written or spoken. In Wales some of the programmes of the fourth channel are broadcast in Welsh.
. 5. :
1. What is the text about? 2. Did all the natives of the British Isles speak English a few centuries ago? 3. What languages did they speak? 4. Are these languages dialects of English? 5. Do any people in the Lowland areas of Scotland want to learn Gaelic? 6. What does Gaelic language Society do? 7. Is there such a society in Wales? When was it formed? 8. What was its aim? 9. Are Welsh and Gaelic restored to an equal place with English?
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I
. 1. , , -. :
1. Where are you going? 2. Where does he go in the evenings? 3. We went to the cinema. 4. They will not go there. 5. You go there every month. 6. Your parents are proud of you. 7. He has no family. 8. They didnt understand us. 9. Shall I see you tomorrow? 10. I know that. 11. You knew that.
. 2. :
1. Mary knows three thousand English words. 2. Tom worked in the garden yesterday. 3. They try to help us. 4. You will take the first place in the competition. 5. It is raining at present. 6. They are going to the stadium. 7. Kate met her friend. 8. I shall think about you.
. 3. :
1. I go to the Institute by bus. 2. My friend has breakfast at home. 3. They came home from the Institute at 3 oclock. 4. Ann is speaking English. 5. You are listening to me. 6. We shall translate the text tomorrow. 7. They study at our Institute.
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. 4. , s. , (.. , 3 Present Indefinite ):
1. There are a lot of studies at our Institute. 2. Bill studies well. 3. It was pleasant to see the childrens rosy faces. 4. The room faces south. 5. My brother parks his car here. 6. Near our houses there is a large park. 7. I am going to my friends.
. 5. some, any, no :
1. Have you books? 2. Put sugar in your tea. 3. He does not need help. 4. Give me to eat. 5. We read about it. 6. Is there on the table? 7. Is listening to the radio?
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. 1. , , -. :
1. He reads well. 2. He read well. 3. What is he reading? 4. They will not read this book. 4. Why didnt you read it? 5. He is not afraid of anybody. 6. I had many friends at school. 7. We saw you. 8. I shall understand you. 9. They do not go there. 10. She does not remember me. 11. She is looking for something.
. 2. :
1. She thinks about you. 2. Jane wanted to buy some fruit. 3. I shall see you tomorrow. 4. They are walking with little Alice. 5. I come home late. 6. I am waiting for you. 7. I get up early. 8. She understood well.
. 3. :
1. Peter worked at the plant last year. 2. She often meets her friends at the University. 3. They are listening to music. 4. Alices brother is sitting in the garden. 5. I teach biology. 6. I shall come home late. 7. She will understand you.
. 4. , s. , (.. , 3 Present Indefinite ):
1. Their great aims are mental health and normal development. 2. Our foreign policy aims at promoting peace. 3. He is Toms father. 4. The childrens names are Peter, Jack and Bill. 5. This hall houses only a part of the exhibits. 6. There are many new houses in our town. 7. London stretches for many miles.
. 5. some, any, no :
1. can understand this text: it is so difficult. 2. There is in the next room. 3. Did you read about it? 4. I can see without glasses. 5. Is there in that box? 6. Does like apples? 7. He wrote letters in the morning.
3
. 1. , , -. :
1. John writes poems. 2. You do not understand me. 3. What are they writing? 4. What books did he write? 5. I wrote a letter to my friend. 6. When will you write it? 7. He was there at 12 oclock. 8. She has many friends. 9. We didnt tell them about it. 10. What will you do? 11. They are laughing at us.
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. 2. :
1. I shall go there next week. 2. They visited the museum on Sunday. 3. She likes sweets. 4. I know Byelorussian as well as Russian. 5. Her parents arrived yesterday. 6. Mary is having an exam now. 7. We are going to the cinema. 8. We study French.
. 3. :
1. My brother goes to town every day. 2. My sisters are standing at the window. 3. I bought the book. 4. Theyll come here on Tuesday. 5. You are studying the same book. 6. We get back at 5 oclock. 7. They went by bus to the University.
. 4. , s. , (.. , 3 Present Indefinite :
1. There are two tram stops near our Institute. 2. The tram stops not far from my house. 3. The boy places his instrument into a special box. 4. Id like to see all the places of interest in your town. 5. We looked at the womens faces. 6. I didnt know that teachers friends. 7. He plays Hamlet.
. 5. some, any, no :
1. boys are football fans. 2. Have you questions? 3. Is there in the classroom? 4. It was very dark. We could see . 5. Is there in that box? 6. She is singing . 7. He said about it.
II
LESSON 1
