: .
, : ,
-3 ( - , , ).
.
, , . , . (330 ) . 110 . .
. 7.1
, , s 1 . s 2 s 3 . s3 . . s 4 . s 4 , .
7.1 .
s 2, s 3 s 4 . , s 2 . s4 ( ) , , , . s3 500 . s 2, s 3, s 4 .
. s 1 . , s 2 s 1 , s2 = 2 s 1 + 2 l sin β +Δ, l ; β ; Δ .
|
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220 . .
. 10 20 35 . 35 .
3.2
7.2 -4,5.
. .
10 . .
l = hn, (7.1)
h ;
n () .
, .
. 7.3 . , , s 1 ( 3.1). , , s 1 . . ( 3 3.3).
s 2 s 3 ( 7.1). , 1. 4. (, .). , 4 ( 5).
7.3 U .
U = f (s) 7.3 50%- , . , 0,025 0,85 U.
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. ( 3.4); 1, 2 3. .
2 3 l h. , l / h ≥1.3, 3, .. . l / h 2. 3 . l / h ≥1.3 , , . l / h ≥1.3 , 3 . 7.5 . l . 7.5 . 10%.
7.4 .
7.5 . 1 220 ; 2 330750 .
. 1 ( 7.4); (110 ) 2. , U n:
U = Enh, (7.2)
, .
, U. .
. , , , .
7.6 50%- . ( ) ( 1) , , ( 2); 3,4 ( 3) ( 4).
3 ( 7.4). 50%- , ( 7.6). (t ≈2 ) 2 1, . , 1 , . ( t).
|
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, . s1 ( 7.1) . , , .
, . , . , , , , . , , . vM, 1 10 .
, , . 0,4 vM.
. v = 10 /.
. , .
UK k U:
(7.3)
, , , , , . . k : UH =35 k =3,5; UH =110-200 k =3,0; UH =330 k =2,7; UH =500 k =2,5; UH =750 k =2,1.
. , , σ. , . 
kσ = 1-2σ≈0.85.
|
|
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.
) U U:
(7.4)
k ;
kγ ;
kτ .
kγ =1.1. kτ (7.3). kτ :
7.1
| U, | 110 154 | 220 330 | 750 | |
| kτ | 1,15 | 1,1 1 | 1,05 |
kP 1 000 kP =0,94; 500 kP = 0,96.
) U (7.2)
) () n 35330 500750 .
) N .
l , λ 3.2. , λ .
7.2 .
| λ, / ( ), , | ||
| 35 | 110-750 | |
| 1,90 | 1,60 | |
| 2,35 | 2,00 | |
| 3,00 | 2,50 | |
| 3,50 | 3,10 |
, N ; l λ , , .
) ( ) s 1 . :
(7.5)
. . 3.6 5%. , 1 000 =0,84, 500 0,89.
3.5 s 1.
) s 1k, . UP.K :
(7.6)
UP.K 7.6 s 1. K.
) . . 50%- ( ) 7.6. , s1.
1. 330 . -120. . 1 000 .
(7.3) :
(7.7)
(7.4) ( 330 kτ =1):
(7.8)
, (7.2) -8,5 330 :
. (7.9)
, -8,5 :
N = n +1=15 . (7.10)
N :
/ (7.11)
, 7.2 (1,6 /).
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6) (7.5) (7.6) , s 1 s lK:
(7.12)
(7.13)
7) 7.5 7.6 
: s 1 =78 , s lK = 210 , .
8) 7.6 15-8.5 (l2 =15×20,3=3,04 ), ,
(7.14)
, (7.13), , , ,
2. 110 , 4.
3. 330 , 3.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5 , .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13 .
,
1. : / . . , . . ; [. . . ]. - .: , 2008. - 655 . ISBN 978-5-9532-0560-3.
2. : . / . . , . . , . . .; . . . . - .: , 2008. - 248 . ISBN 978-5-383-00072-4
3. : / . . . . 2- ., . . .: , 1976. 488 .
4. ( ): / . . , . . , . . ; . . . . .: , 1982. 296 .
4
