- , , - , .
Û + + - + + Û B+
. , , . ,
2O + 2O Û 3O+ + -
2 Û+ +- ( )
( ) w.
w = [H+][OH-]=10-14
[+] = [OH-] = 10-14 /3.
() + -, , :
= - lg [+] = - lg [-] |
+ = 14 |
aH+ aOH- - , + -
aH+ = - lg [H+] = -lg (fH+ H+)
aOH- = - lg [aOH-] = - lg (fOH- OH-)
, - .
.
( 1 100%), :
) 1 · 10-6 /3
[*] = CHA HA => =- lg[+]
) 1 · 10-6/3
['] = B B => = - lg [-] => = 14 -
[H+] = w /[-] => = -lg[+]
) 1 10 / - .
.
5. 0,02 HCl. .
: .
6. 0,01 /3 - .
.
c
N3 + H2O Û 3O+ + NO3-
N3 - , [+] = HNO3 = 0,01 /3, :
= - lg[+] = - lg 0,01 =-lg 10-2 = 2
2) .
I = ½ (CH+ Z2H+ + CNO3 Z2 NO3-) = ½(0,01 - 12 + 0,01 12) = 0,01
fH+ = 0,914 +
aH+ = fH+* CH+ = 0,914* 0,01 = 9,14*10-3 /3, paH+ = - lg aH+=
- lg (9,14 10-3) = 3 lg 9,14 = 3 - 0,961 = 2,039
7. , 500 2 NaOH.
.
: NaOH Û Na+ + -
|
|
CM NaOH :
CNaOH = mNaOH 1000 / MNaOH VNaOH = 2*1000/40*500 = 0,1 /3
NaOH - , [-] = CNaOH = 0,1/3
:
1) =- lg[0-] = -lg,1 = 1 Þ =14 = 14 - 1=13
2) [+] = Kw/ [-] = 10-14:10-1 = 10-13 /3 Þ =-lg [+] = - lg10-13 = 13