.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-




- , , - , .

Û + + - + + Û B+

 

. , , . ,

2O + 2O Û 3O+ + -

2 Û+ +- ( )

( ) w.

w = [H+][OH-]=10-14

[+] = [OH-] = 10-14 /3.

() + -, , :

 

= - lg [+] = - lg [-]
+ = 14

aH+ aOH- - , + -

aH+ = - lg [H+] = -lg (fH+ H+)

aOH- = - lg [aOH-] = - lg (fOH- OH-)

, - .

.

( 1 100%), :

) 1 · 10-6 /3

[*] = CHA HA => =- lg[+]

) 1 · 10-6/3

['] = B B => = - lg [-] => = 14 -

[H+] = w /[-] => = -lg[+]

) 1 10 / - .

 

.

5. 0,02 HCl. .

: .

6. 0,01 /3 - .

.

c

N3 + H2O Û 3O+ + NO3-

N3 - , [+] = HNO3 = 0,01 /3, :

= - lg[+] = - lg 0,01 =-lg 10-2 = 2

2) .

I = ½ (CH+ Z2H+ + CNO3 Z2 NO3-) = ½(0,01 - 12 + 0,01 12) = 0,01

fH+ = 0,914 +

aH+ = fH+* CH+ = 0,914* 0,01 = 9,14*10-3 /3, paH+ = - lg aH+=

- lg (9,14 10-3) = 3 lg 9,14 = 3 - 0,961 = 2,039

 

7. , 500 2 NaOH.

.

: NaOH Û Na+ + -

CM NaOH :

CNaOH = mNaOH 1000 / MNaOH VNaOH = 2*1000/40*500 = 0,1 /3

NaOH - , [-] = CNaOH = 0,1/3

:

1) =- lg[0-] = -lg,1 = 1 Þ =14 = 14 - 1=13

2) [+] = Kw/ [-] = 10-14:10-1 = 10-13 /3 Þ =-lg [+] = - lg10-13 = 13

 





:


: 2017-02-25; !; : 1112 |


:

:

! . .
==> ...

1929 - | 1723 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.012 .