(98.5)
(98.5) , . .
, , , :
r r 0, R R 0 t 0, a , ( ) 1/273 1. ,
.
. 147 ( 1). , (, Al, Pb, Zn .) TK (0,1420 ), , , ( 2), . . . , , 1911 . . - . . ( , .) - . , 100 .
, 0,003 . , , , . .
(100.3)
(100.4)
(100.3) (100.4) , .
( =0), (100.4) (98.1):
( (. 97)). , 1 2 , j 1= j 2; (100.4) :
- ..., , R . R=r+R 1, r , R 1 .
, , (I = 0), (100.4) , =j 1 j 2, . . ..., , . , ... , .
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