.


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(98.5)

(98.5) , . .

, , , :

r r 0, R R 0 t 0, a , ( ) 1/273 1. ,

.

. 147 ( 1). , (, Al, Pb, Zn .) TK (0,1420 ), , , ( 2), . . . , , 1911 . . - . . ( , .) - . , 100 .

, 0,003 . , , , . .

 

(100.3)

(100.4)

(100.3) (100.4) , .

( =0), (100.4) (98.1):

( (. 97)). , 1 2 , j 1= j 2; (100.4) :

- ..., , R . R=r+R 1, r , R 1 .

, , (I = 0), (100.4) , =j 1 j 2, . . ..., , . , ... , .





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