1. He seems (to read / to be reading) now.
2. She seems (to have read / to read) all the books in the library.
3. I want (to take / to have taken) you to the lecture.
4. I want (to take / to be taken) to the concert by my friend.
5. We expect (to be / to have been) back in two days.
6. He expected (to help / to be helped) by the supervisor.
7. The students are still waiting (to give / to be given) books for their work.
8. Is there anything else (to tell / to have told) her?
9. The girl pretended (to read / to be reading) and (not to hear / not to have heard) the bell.
10. They are supposed (to work / to have been working) on the problem for the last two months.
II. Translate into Russian:
1. Ann remembered to have been told a lot about all the points of the agreement.
2. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood.
3. I was the first among our students to become a postgraduate.
4. To renovate the hall our engineers use modern aluminum constructions.
5. The data to be used in your article is to be well checked.
6. The idea to develop this technology didnt leave us.
7. To improve your pronunciation you should record yourself and analyse your speech.
8. We hope to get diplomas in a year.
9. I have nothing to read.
10. She is not to blame.
Grammar Study
Study grammar again and do the following exercises. Consult your teacher if necessary.
Ex 1. Complete the sentences.
1. He seems ( ).
2. The professor expects ( ).
3. I have nothing ( ).
4. ( ) you should go to the library.
5. She expected ( ).
6. ( ) to come.
7. I am glad ( ).
Ex 2. Translate into English.
1. , .
2. , .
3. , .
4. , .
5. , .
6. .
7. , .
Word Study
1. Study your active vocabulary:
vehicular environmental comfort
fluid mechanics
heat transfer
to be interrelated
installation, operation, and maintenance costs
room air distribution
pressurization
contractor
district heating
district cooling
to boost the temperature
2. Match the phrases:
| 1) installation 2) to maintain 3) to chill 4) a manufacturer 5) building services designer 6) acceptable | a) b) c) d) e) f) |
|
|
|
Reading Practice
Text 1
Read the text and give it a title.
HVAC
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR.
HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is based on inventions and
discoveries made by Nikolay Lvov, Michael Faraday, Willis Carrier, Reuben Trane, James Joule, William Rankine, Sadi Carnot, and many others.
The invention of the components of HVAC systems went hand-in-hand with the industrial revolution, and new methods of modernization, higher efficiency, and system control are constantly introduced by
companies and inventors worldwide. The three central functions of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality within
reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can provide ventilation, reduce air infiltration, and maintain pressure
relationships between spaces. The means of air delivery and removal from spaces is known as room air distribution.
The starting point in carrying out an estimate both for cooling and heating depends on the exterior climate and interior specified conditions. However before taking up the heat load calculation, it is necessary to find fresh air requirements for each area in detail, as pressurization is an important consideration.
In modern buildings the design, installation, and control systems of these functions are integrated into one or more HVAC systems. For very small buildings, contractors normally capacity engineer and select HVAC systems and equipment. For larger buildings, building services designers and engineers, such as mechanical, architectural, or building services engineers analyze, design, and specify the HVAC systems.
Although HVAC is executed in individual buildings or other enclosed spaces the equipment involved is in some cases an extension of a larger district heating (DH) or district cooling (DC) network, or a combined DHC network. In such cases, the operating and maintenance aspects are simplified and metering is necessary to bill for the energy that is
consumed, and in some cases energy that is returned to the larger system. For example, in a DHC network at a given time a building may be utilizing chilled water for air conditioning, but the warm water it returns may be utilized by another building for heating or the overall DH portion of the DHC network, likely with energy added to boost the temperature.
Basing HVAC on a larger network helps provide an economy of scale that is often not possible for individual buildings, for utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar heat, winter's cold, the cooling potential
in some places of lakes or seawater for free cooling, and the enabling function of seasonal thermal energy storage.
|
|
|
The HVAC industry is a worldwide enterprise, with roles including operation and maintenance, system design and construction, equipment manufacturing and sales, and in education and research. The HVAC
industry was historically regulated by the manufacturers of HVAC equipment, but regulating and standards organizations such as HARDI, ASHRAE, SMACNA, ACCA, Uniform Mechanical Code, International Mechanical Code, and AMCA have been established to support the
industry and encourage high standards and achievement.
2. Read the text again and answer the questions given below:
1. What does abbreviation HVAC mean?
2. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of vacuum technology
engineering, isnt it?
3. Whose inventions is this discipline based on?
4. What does room air distribution mean?
5. What is the starting point in developing HVAC system?
6. What energy sources are used in HVAC system?
7. In what way can warm water be utilized in HVAC system?
8. Whom was the HVAC industry historically regulated by?
3. Look through the texts again and be ready to speak about What knowledge and skills does HVAC engineering involve.
Self-Training Work
Text 2
1. Read the advertisement of Redmond HVAC Company to yourself and underline main advantages of their systems.
