Ņ...3
1. 5
2. ȅ7
3. , ..8
4. Յ...11
5. Ʌ..13
6. ȅ..15
6.1. .15
6.2. .15
6.3. 腅..15
6.4. .16
6.5. , ⅅ...18
7. - Ʌ..23
E..26
27
. , : , , .
9 1944 . 1947 .
-205, 1947 , . 1948 , 1950 . 1951 25 15 . , . 40- -530 1958 -.
1958 -500 -503, -200. 31 1965 -205, .
-500, . 1966 , 1971 .
. 1970 -500, 1976 -5549 -5335. , . 1977 .
|
|
|
19 1981 -5432 -6422. 16 1983 , . 14 1989 ( -64221). 80- - -2000 .
1996 , , -5440. 11 1997 -54421. 1997 -54402 -544021, .
10 1997 ǔ ., MAN . - . - -MAN . , 60 . , , , .
- () , ,
- 30 . .
, . . , . . 1.
, , , .
, ; . , .
, , , , .
.
, 451.
Ÿ :
G=360 /2;
HRC=61;
D=13.
. , , 1.1.
|
|
|
1.1
| , | |||
| () | () | , , | -6.12.4/10(=58,0.28/) -2.4,5/6,5(=50,0.20/) |
| () | () | , , | -8.16.5/12(=71, 0,8/) -5.7,5/6,5(=56, 2,4/) |
t (.) (, - , , , , .)
t = ( + ) (1 + 
), (2.1)
(), .;
, .;
α ( );
β ( ).
, . t -8.16.5/12(=71) () -5.7,5/6,5(=56) ().
t = (80 +30) (1 + 
)=145
t = (90 +25) (1 + 
)=173
.
(.) t .
=8/ t =8*60/(145+173)=1.51 (2.2)
,
mp .
mp = 
. (3.1)
ti ( -) , ./.;
( 1.2);
F , . (3975 2- ).
:
mp = 
=2.79
:
mp = 
=0.87
m ( , 0,1).
m =3,
m =1.
Ni Ni (.) ( ) , ΔZ (.) δ (%)
Ni = (Ni 
Z) 
. (3.2)
Ni = (5000 500) 
=5501.
() :
= 
. (3.3)
= 
=0.93,
= 
=0.87
, .. 0,85 1,0.
, , , , . - .
, . 2.
.
: () , , .
( ) , t - t .
|
|
|
= 
; (4.1)
F , . (.. , 2002 . 2032 );
mj ( ), .;
.
= 
=12.
= , (4.2)
, ( 1,14÷1,19).
= 121.16=14.
, , 4.1 - [ 6 ].
4.1.
4.1.
| () | 5-6 | ||
| 3-5 | |||
| 11-13 | |||
| 8-11 | |||
| () | 5-6 | ||
| 3-5 | |||
| 11-13 | |||
| 8-11 |
