. , . , . , , : 415, 390 376 /.
:
CH3 \ CHCHCH2CH3 Br2,hn / I CH3 CH3 | CH3 Br \ I CHCCH2CH3 + HBr / I CH3 CH3 |
. . , . , .
....:Br:Br:.... | hn | ....:Br. +.Br: ( ).... |
( homos ).
. .
CH3 \ | H | CH3 \ | |
CH | CCH2CH3 + Br | CH | CCH2CH3 + HBr ( ) |
/ CH3 | I CH3 | / CH3 | I CH3 |
, , .
: sp3 sp2 . sp2- , sp2- , - , . - .
.
CH3 \ | .. | .. | CH3 \ | Br I | .. | |||
CH | CCH2 CH3 + | :Br | :Br: | CH | CCH2CH3 + | :Br: ( ) | ||
/ CH3 | I CH3 | .. | .. | / CH3 | I CH3 | .. |
. , , , . , , ( ) , . . - , .
:
|
|
.
" "( CD-ROM).
2) . , , 140 (10%-) ( ..). , . , .
NO2 I | ||
CH3 | CHCH3(2- ) +HNO3 t,p CH3 I CH3 | CCH3(2--2-) + H2O I CH3 |
. , , .
, - 250-500.
3) . , . - .
CH3CH2CH2CH3() 400C CH3CH3() + CH2=CH2()
, , , .. . , 1500º .
2CH4 1500C HC º CH() + 3H2
4) . - .
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3() t,AlCl3 CH3 | CHCH2CH3(2- ) I CH3 |
5) . . , .
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
. , , .
. , , - .
. . . , , ..
|
|
()
, .
, ( ). :
26 C2H4 2H2
() ()
,
nH2n-2
() 22. :
͗ºї :::::
.
(sp-). , s- p-. 0,12 , 830 /.
. , - -. , . , , :
3
|
͗ºї23 3їºї3 2=ї2º
-1 -2 2--1--4
() ()
, .
() :
͗ºї - ;
ºї2 -
. ( ) () :
͗ºї͗3 ͗ºї223 3ї=ї23
|
3
3--1 -1 -2
:
1. () :
24 1500C º + 32
:
26 1200C º + 22
2. 2, :
+ 3C 2500C CaC2 + CO
2 + 22O º + ()2
3. , , :
r
|
3ї͗͗3 + 2 3їºї3 + 2KBr + 22
|
Br
2,3- -2
()