, , , . , , . , , .
L, I. (. (126.1)) =LI, d I d= L d I. d (. 121) d =I d =LI d I.
, , ,
(130.1)
, , , . .
, . . (130.1) (126.2),
I=Bl/ (m 0 mN) (. (119.2)) =m 0 mH (. (109.3)),
(130.2)
Sl = V .
, (. (130.2))
(130.3)
(130.3) , (95.8) , , . (130.3) , . (130.3) , , .. - (. 132).
15.
, , . m. , .
, , , . , (. 109), , .
, . , , , (. (109.2)) p m= IS n,
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(131.1)
I=en , n , S . (. 187), m ( ) , .
, L e, , (19.1),
(131.2)
v = 2 pn, pr 2 = S. L e ( ) .
. 187 , m L e, , , (131.1) (131.2),
(131.3)
(131.4)
( , , ). , , , v r . (131.4) , .
* (1915), ( , ). , (e/m). , , , , 2, g (. (131.4)). , , , , (. (131.1) (131.2)) L es, . , , . , , . L es, () ms, L es :
(131.5)
*. . (18781960) .
gs .
:
ħ=h/ (2p) (h ), m b , .
. , , ( ). , . , () p a ( ) () :
|
|
(131.6)
, , , . , , .
-
, . . (). .
, . , a (. 188), , , m, a, . . , , , , .
, , . , , , , . () , . , , , .
, , ( ( ) ) . (, Bi, Ag, Au, u), , , . .
, . , .
, () . , . ( ). , , , . . . , Pt, l .. , .
, () (. 87), .
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- , , . , ; , .
.
, (. 88), , :
, (. (131.6)).
(. 109), , , - , , . , : , , , . , 0 (, ) ' (, ):
(133.1)
0= m 0 (. (109.3)).
, , S l, 0. . 0, p m 0 ( ) 0 ( ). , , (. 189). , .
, , , ' , (119.2) N = 1 ( ):
(133.2)
I' , l , m .
, I'/l , , , p = I'lS/l = I'V/l, V . V,
(133.3)
(133.2) (133.3), ,
0 ' (133.1),
(133.4)
(133.5)
, , , . .
(133.6)
c , . c ( ), ( ).
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|
(133.6), (133.4)
(133.7)
(133.8)
. (133.8) (133.7), (109.3) = m 0 m , .
- ( 104 106), m . , . , c<0 m <1, c>0 m >1.
( ) (118.1):
I I' ( ) ( ), L. , , , . , , , ( ), , .
, J L , :
(133.9)
I, , .
, (133.9), (133.5), , H . , L , :
(133.10)
(133.10) .
16.
( m 1 m 2) .
1 2 , , (. 190). D S , . (120.3),
( n n' ).
(134.1)
, B = m 0 m H, , m 0 m,
(134.2)
1 2 ABCDA l, , .191. (133.10) ,
( ),
( A CD , , BC DA ).
(134.3)
, = m 0 m H, , m 0 m,
(134.4)
, (n) (t) ( ), (Bt) (Hn) .
(134.1)(134.4) , (). (. 90), ( , ):
(134.5)
, , , .
17.
- , , , , . . . ( ) , , , , , .
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, - . J (. (133.6) . 192), , 1878 . .. (18391896), . J , , , J , . J , , , , , , , J .
B = m 0 (H+J) (. (133.4)) H J, , (J=J ), (. 193).
m (, 5000, 800 000!), m (. 194). m , , , , 1 (m = B /(m 0 H) = 1 + J/H, J = J = const J/H 0, m 1).
, J H ( , ) . . ( 1, . 195), , , , J 12, 10. = 0 J , . . J . . , , , . .
( 34), = H ( 4). ( 45 6) ( 6 7).
, J 1 2 3 4561, ( . ). , , .. J.
. ( 12 /) ( ) , ( ) ( ) . , J m max . Ta, (, ) , (, , ) .