.
, . . , , .
.
Cu-Ce 1.
1. Cu-Ce
2.1. .
Cu () - . Cu - 63,546 . . . - 1 083,4 C.
, , . 50% , , , .
(II) . - (II) CuS04 5 20. , , ( ). : , . (II) Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O. (II) . ( -). - .
Ce () - III 6- . - 140,115 ... - 799 C. . 95 α - ; 95-264 - β - ; 263-1035 - γ - ; 1035 δ - .
( ) , , 1 % . , , , .
. . , , , .
( ).
|
|
2.2. .
α-Ce - , (α-Ce), Ce Cu, 0,1%.
β-Ce - (β-Ce) Ce Cu, 0,37 %.
γ-Ce - (γ-Ce) Ce Cu, 0,55 %.
δ-Ce - (δ-Ce) Ce Cu, 0,1 %.
u 0,44; 0,31; 0,31; 0,20; 0,16 % 870, 800, 500 300 , .
, u6 u2 940 820 . u, u4 u5 .
2.3. Pb-U .
( ) . , . , . . , . .
2.3.1 .
6 .
:
1) L + CeCu2 = CeCu (515 Cº)
2) L + CeCu5 = CeCu4 (780 Cº)
3) L + CeCu6 = CeCu5 (798 Cº)
:
4) L = (Ce) + CeCu (415 Cº)
5) L = CeCu2 + CeCu4 (755 Cº)
6) L = (Cu) + CeCu6 (875 Cº)
2.3.2
() ( ):
:
cd | de | ef | ij |
L1(0%U)→Pb3U(25%U) | L1(25%U)→Pb3U(28%U) | L1(28%U)→PbU(47%U) | L1(97%U)→PbU(50%U) |
. Pb3U+PbU PbU+(γU), 1210 1125 0 .
kl lm (γU) → (βU) (βU) → (αU). jk, kl, lm (αU), (βU), (γU) PbU.
jk | kl | lm |
= 1125-765 (γU)(100%U) → (PbU)(100%U) | = 765-645 (βU)(100%U) → (PbU)(100%U) | = 645-0 (αU)(100%U) → (PbU)(100%U) |
2.4. 21% Ce.
- . , ( - 21 % e), . 3 (. 2).
|
|
( 2) L(24%) → Cu4Ce(20%) , , (. 2), , 3.
2.
, 1 3.
= + 1.
Cu-Ce 2. - L CuCe. = 1. , ( ) 2 3.
.
2.5. .
. u-C 577 . (. 3). .
:
Q(Cu4Ce) = Q(Cu2Ce) .
%, : Q(Pb3U) (0 ) = QPbU ( 0),
Q(Pb3U)/ Q(PbU) = 0/ 0 .
(. 4, ).
Q(Pb3U) ´ = Q. ´.
Q(Pb3U) (0 ´) = Q. (. 0) Q(Pb3U)/ Q. = (0 ´)/(. 0).
T=1230 0.
:
Q(L)/Q(PbU)=(50-45)/(45-30)
Q(L)/Q(PbU)=1/3
25% L 75% PbU.
.
=0 0C.
:
Q(Pb3U)/Q(PbU)=(50-45)/45-25)
Q(Pb3U)/Q(PbU)=15/20
42% Pb3U 58% PbU.
:
Q(PbU)/Q.= (50-45)/(45-28)
Q(PbU)/Q.=15/17
46% PbU 54% .
, .. , . , .
1. / .., .. - .: , 1970. - 222 .
2. / .., .. - .: , 1988. - 244
3. / .. - .: , 1985. - 432.
4. : / ., .; . . - .: , 1982. - 480 .
5. / . .. , - .: , 1965. - 931.