.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


IP 4: , , IP 6.

IP 14 , 13 . . , . 0. , , .

0-3 4-7 8-13 14-15 16-18 19-31
  Differentiated Services Code Point Explicit Congestion Notification
 
 
 
 
  ( > 5)
160 192+

. IPv4 4.

32- . , . 5 (5×32=160 , 20 ), 15 (60 ).

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

(Type of Service, ToS), RFC 2474 Differentiated Services. , , VoIP .

(Explicit Congestion Notification, ECN)

. .

16- , . 20 ( ), 65535 . 576 , . , , .

, . , .

. , , :

0: , 0.

1:

2:

, . , .

1 , . 0 .

13 , 8 . (213−1)×8=65528 , . .

(Time to Live, TTL) .

, . , . ( ). , , ICMP Time Exceeded. (traceroute).

, (, TCP ICMP). IANA.

16- , . , . IP (, TCP UDP), .

TTL , . RFC 1071.

32- . - .

32- .

, . ( 32- ).

, 0x00. :

  1 .
  0 2 . 1 3 .
  .
  ( ). .
, .

: 5 . : ,

IP - IP -.

 


IP- 1 IP- 2 IP- 3

 

 

IP- 1 :

1. 9876;

2. 5 ( );

3. 124 ();

4. MF 1;

5. 0 ( ).

IP- 2 :

1. 9876;

2. 5 ( );

3. 124 ();

4. MF 1;

5. 13 ( ).

IP- 3 :

1. 9876;

2. 5 ( );

3. 112 ();

4. MF 0;

5. 26 ( ).

 

IPv6 (. Internet Protocol version 6) IP, , (IPv4) , 128 32. IPv6 ( 9000 2012), , IPv4. , DNS-. IETF.

, IPv4 , IPv6 IPv4 (. dual stack), IPv6 IPv4. - , , IPv6 , IPv6.

 

 



<== | ==>
| .
:


: 2017-02-24; !; : 332 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

776 - | 695 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.021 .