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4




( ) .

8 (1 ). ( ). , , . 16, 32 ..

. 256 ( 0 255). ASCII (American Standart Code of Information Interchange - ).

- , (4 ) 0 9 0000 1001. , , 18- 10 ( ), .

- . . , Integer
-32768 (-215) 32677 (215-1) 2 : LongInt - -231 231-1 4 : Word - 0 65535 (216-1) 2 ..

, , . () , , , - .

, , .

. : , , , . , 37(10) = 100101(2) Integer, 0000000000100101, LongInt, 00000000000000000000000000100101. . 0025(16) 00000025(16).

:

  1. ;
  2. ( , - );
  3. .

, -37, LongInt:

  1. 37 000000000000000000000000000100101
  2. 11111111111111111111111111011010
  3. 11111111111111111111111111011011 FFFFFFDB(16)

, , . , . :

  1. 1;
  2. ;
  3. . .

. , :

  1. 0000000000010111.

, . 23.

  1. 1111111111000000.

, :

    1. 1111111111000000(2) - 1(2) = 1111111110111111(2);
    2. 0000000001000000;
    3. 1000000(2) = 64(10)

: -64

. .

M*10p, 1 ≤ M < 10, - . , 120100000 = 1,201*108. 10, 10 1 . 10 . : 120100000 = 1,201*108 = 0,1201*109 = 12,01*107... .

, - . , , , , 1(10) 2(10) (1 ≤ < 2). , ,- 2. , . , , .. , . , , . , .

IBM PC 8087 ( ):

Real 2,9*10-39..1,7*1038 11-12  
Single 1,5*10-45..3,4*1038 7-8  
Double 5,0*10-324..1,7*10308 15-16  
Extended 3,4*10-4932..1,1*104932 19-20  

Double.

, 8 . , :

S

 

     

, , , 51, .. 52 . . , , ( ). , . , .. , , . , . , Double 11 2-1023 21023, 1023(10) = 1111111111(2). , 63 .

, :

  1. ;
  2. , .. *2p, - ( 1(2)) - , ;
  3. ;
  4. (0 - ; 1 - ), .

. -312,3125.

  1. 100111000,0101.
  2. 100111000,0101 = 1,001110000101*28.
  3. 8 + 1023 = 1031. 1031(10) = 10000000111(2).
     
     

6. , : C073850000000000(16).

7. .

8. 3FEC600000000000(16)

     

9.

     
    1. , , , 63 , . 01111111110(2) = 1022(10). 1022 - 1023 = -1.
    2. 1,1100011*2-1 0,11100011.
    3. 0,88671875.

, .

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