, .
() , , , . , , . , , , . , , . . , () . , , ( , , ). , , , , , .
Multics
, 1965- American Telegraph & Telephone Bell Labs General Electric s Multics. , . . Muitics . , , . . , , Bell Labs[1]. . , . , , , OC Multics Unix.
Unix
, . , Space travel. 1969 Honeywell-635, Muitics. , Honeywell, General Electric-645 . - 18- PDP-7. , . . . Bell Labs . , inodes, , TimeSharinga( ) . . , , Multics, UNICS. UNIX ( , ). .
|
|
, UNIX. 1971 . UNIX. , . . , , . UNIX 1973 . 1974 UNIX. UNIX (aka UNIX V6), 1975 , . .
, . (aka UNIX version 7). 1976 , -. .
-, UNIX. ( ), Discribution (BSD 1.0). BSD . BSD UNIX Version 7 VAX, 32/V, BSD 3.. , TCP/IP; .
UNIX SYSTEM III 1982 . UNIX Version 7.
:
-, , UNIX . Microsoft Corporation, Santa Cruz Operation UNIX- XENIX.
-, Bell Labs , UNIX ( System V) .
1984 UNIX System V, , (copy-on write), .. OC UNIX 100 . .
|
|
1987 UNIX System V. 4,5 х. , Linux`, 1990, 1991. BSD, Linux , , . Ѩ, , , Windows 9x[2].
DOS
- IBM, 1960-, . , , QDOS , UNIX, 1980 Seattle Computer Products. QDOS, , MS-DOS, Microsoft. IBM Microsoft OC - IBM PC. 1981 OC-PC-DOS1.0. , . PC-DoS`o IBM, a M , MS-DOS. 1982- PC-DOS Ms-Dos 1.1 . 1983- 2.0, , . MS-Dos, 1984- , . 6.22, ype 7.0. - windows 9x. Microsoft DOS` . , MS-DOS . , MS-DOS 6.22 , , , . . , PTS-DOS . 6.65. DR-OpenDos 7.02. Digital Research, - Novell. - CALDERA, DR-DOS .
Windows
Windows , , , . ? - , . Mac OS. -, . , 1985 Windows 1.0. 286- . , 87- Windows 2.0, 2.10. o . 1990-o Windows 3.0, 3.1, e . windows NT 3.5, , OS/2. 1995 Microsoft o , , Windows 3.11.
24 - Windows. oeoa - . 32- . 32- , . , .
windows NT , 95-. 1996- oy Windows-95 OSR2( Open Service Relase). Internet Explorer[3] 3.0 - Outlook`a. - FAT32, . ( ) . Dos 7.10 FAT32. 1998. windows-98 Internet Explorer 4.0 outlook. . Windows 98 Special Edition. Internet Explorer 5.0, 4..
|
|
2000. Windows Millenium. Explorer 5.5, DOS , , , 8.0. .
- , (, , , . .), , .
:
. - Windows 7 2010, -.
. - Microsoft Windows, 2013, .
. , , 2011 .
Unix Linux. , ,
, .
Linux, , , 2016 .
6 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
10 | |||||||||||||||||
7 | |||||||||||||||||
8 | |||||||||||||||||
4 | |||||||||||||||||
4 | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
10 | 2 | 7 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
5 | |||||||||||||||||
3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
9 | |||||||||||||||||
9 | |||||||||||||||||
5 | |||||||||||||||||
9 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
:
1), .
2) .
3) .
4) , .
5) .
6) , .
7) .
8) .
9) . .
10) -; -, ; -; .
:
1) .
2)..
3) .
4) Unix- , .
5) 1996 - , .
6) .
7) .
8)
9) .
10) ,
[1] Bell Laboratories ( Bell Labs, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories) , - , , . - Bell Labs (-, ).
[2] Windows 9x Windows 4.x: Windows 95, Windows 98/98SE Windows ME Microsoft.
[3]I nternet Explorer ( , MSIE IE; /aɪ iː/) -, Microsoft 1995 2015 . Windows Windows 10 Microsoft Edge.