P1P1h1h1h1 T1T1Ta1D1D1 d1d1f1f1f1
..
PnPnhnhnhn TnTnTanDnDn dndnfnfnfn
3. 88PtPtPt TtTtTatDtDt dtdtftftft
4. 77PmPmPm
dmdmfmfmfm (4VbVbVaVa)
PmPmPm
.
1. MjMjMjMj YYGGad Iiiii a- . . 1.
, ( ) |
5. 00PoPoPo ToToTaoDoDo
N1n1P1P1P1 T1T1Ta1D1D1
.
NnnnPnPnPn TnTnTanDnDn
6. 21212 00PoPoPo dodofofofo
N1n1P1P1P1 d1d1f1f1f1
. .
NnnnPnPnPn dndnfnfnfn
7. (31313 SrraraSaSa 8GGgg)
8. 41414 NhCLhCmCh
9. 616166262669696
.
1. , 1.
2. P1P1h1h1h1 T1T1Ta1D1D1 d1d1f1f1f1
.
PnPnhnhnhn TnTnTanDnDn dndnfnfnfn
3. .
4. .
D
1. , 1 2.
5. n1n1P1P1P1 T1T1Ta1D1D1
..
nnnnPnPnPn TnTnTanDnDn
6. 21212 n1n1P1P1P1 d1d1f1f1f1
.
nnnnPnPnPn dndnfnfnfn
9. .
10. .
35.1
35.1.1. TEMP. TEMP SHIP. TEMP DROP.
TEMP MOBIL ( ). MiMiMjMj, .. 2582
MiMiMjMj
D | ||||
TEMP TEMP SHIP TEMP DROP TEMP MOBIL | TTAA UUAA XXAA IIAA | TTBB UUBB XXBB IIBB | TTCC UUCC XXCC IICC | TTDD UUDD XXDD IIDD |
TEMP SHIP TEMP MOBIL- DD.
35.1.2. MiMiMjMj . , , MiMiMjMj , . TEMP TEMP DROP , .
35.2. .
35.2.1. 1. .
MiMiMjMj DD YYGGId Iiiii 99LaLaLa
QcLoLoLoLo MMULaULo hohohohoim 1 TEMP, TEMP SHIP, TEMP DROP, TEMP MOBIL . ,
,
|
|
.
35.2.1.1. MiMiMjMj , . . 35.1.1.
35.2.1.2. DD , TEMP SHIP TEMP MOBIL. TEMP SHIP , ; 3 - , .
. TEMP MOBIL A1A1 DD, A1A1 . 1 ..1 (. 386); DDD , .
, TEMP SHIP TEMP MOBIL, DD MiMiMjMj. , DD SHIP.
35.2.1.3. YYGGid.
YY . , , : / . , , /, . , 50 YY: 51, 62 .. /, YY : 01, 12 ..
GG MC. , . 00, 06, 12, 18 MC. , 02 30 1 ( 23 30 31 ), YYGG, 0100.
id - , ; .. 1734:
1734 - id
, 150 (250) ( ), Id 1(2), 100(200) ddfff /////, , 150(250) , .
35.2.1.4. Iiiii , TEMP.
II ; () Ii .
iii II, , (3).
35.2.1.5. 99LaLaLa QcLoLoLo MMMULaULo ; TEMP SHIP, TEMP DROP, TEMP MOBIL.
35.2.2.1.1. 99PoPoPo
99 .
PoPoPo . : 0,5 , 0,5 , 0,5 .
|
|
1000, PoPoPo ( ) .
35.2.2.1.2. ToToTaoDoDo
ToTo ( ). , 6,8 11,7 06 11.
Tao ; .. 3931
Tao, Tao,...Tan, Tat
DoDo ; .. 0777:
0777 DoDo DnDn. DtDt
35.2.2.1.3. dodofofofo
dodo ( ), 5 10.
: 1,2,8,9 10; 3-7, 5. dodofofofo : dodo , (fofofo).
, 1 . , .. 0878 (. 6)
dodo 00, 99, - //. dodo :
fofofo / ( YY . 35.2.1.3.). 100 (/ ) fo 0; 10 0 fo. ( fo) 5, dodo. 000, fofofo /////.
; , dodofofofo /////.
35.2.2.2. :
P1P1h1h1h1 T1T1Ta1D1D1 d1d1f1f1f1
. ..
PnPnhnhnhn TnTnTanDnDn dndnfnfnfn
P1P1PnPn ; . 1 100 , 70 .
H1h1h1...hnhnhn P1P1PnPn; 700 ( ), 500 ( ); : 5 . , 5 . , 5 . ., . ..
1000 ( ), 500.
T1T1Ta1D1D1 TnTnTanDnDn ; . 35.2.2.1.2. d1d1f1f1f1dndnfnfnfn ; . 35.2.2.1.3.
35.2.2.2.1. , . 1, 2 . - , , , (/). , , TTTaDD /////. , : ) ddfff /////, ( ) ; , ( .. 1734, . 35.2.1.3.).
|
|
35.2.2.2.2. , , TTTaDD /////.
35.2.3. 3. .
88PtPtPt TtTtTatDtDt dtdtftftft
88 3.
PtPtPt ; , ( 10,0 , Pt 0): , 27,3 PtPtPt 273, 9,5 095.
TtTtTatDtDt ; . 35.2.2.1.2. dtdtftftft , . 35.2.2.1.3.
88999 , / , .
35.2.3.1. : , .
, . : 7-10 15-17.
, 500, 2 20 /.
. , .. , 3 /. , .
45 .. , ( ) 2 /, , 400, 2 ( 1 ). , .
, , 500, , : ) ; ) 1 3 /; ) 200.
35.2.4. 4. ( 100 , ).
PmPmPm
77PmPmPm
dmdmfmfmfm
PmPmPm
77 66 , . 35.2.2.1.3.
PmPmPm ; PtPtPt . 35.2.3.dmdmfmfmfm ; .. 35.2.2.1.3.
|
|
35.2.4.1.1. : , , 500, , 30 /, , - , 10 /.
35.2.4.1.2. , 4 .
) . (.. , ), 66, 77;
) 77 , , ;
) , , 4 , , . 35.2.4.1.1.
. 1. 104 / , 102 . 457, 392, 199 .
2. , 199 .
1 66 77.
: 66102 08604 77457 01100 77199 19066 77392 30558.
2 : 77199 19604 77457 01100 77102 08566.
35.2.4.2. (4VbVbVaVf) , 1 .
4 .
VbVb 1 .
VaVa 1 .
(/ ), VdVd VaVa, YY . . 35.2.1.3. , 10 , ( Vd Va) 0.
35.2.4.2.1. (1) 4VdVdVaVa .
4VdVdVaVa .
4VbVbVaVa . , .
, , , , .
4VbVbVaVa .
, . . : VbVb VaVa.
B D
35.3.1. 1. .
MiMiMjMj D.D YYGGa4 Iiiii 99LaLaLa
1 . 35.2.1. (4) YYGGa4, (.. 0265).
0265-4
4 | ||
. , 4=0, VLF-Omega Loran-C | -- -- -1, -1, -2 -- Cora Micro Cora -- -- -- |
|
|
35.3.2. 5. .
PoPoPo ToToTaDaoDo
N1n1P1P1P1 T1T1TaiD1D1
. ..
NnnnPnPnPn TnTnTnDnDn
100 , D - 100 .
35.3.2.1. 00PoPoPo ToToTaoDoDo ( ) , B.
00 -
- ; . 35.2.2.1.2.
DoDo- ; . 35.2.2.1.2.
35.3.2.2.
n1n1P1P1P1 T1T1Ta1D1D1
.. .
nnnnPnPnPn TnTnTnDnDn
n1n1nnnn- , D: 11, 22,99, 11 ..
P1P1P1PnPnPn- , , PtPtPt . 35.2.3.
T1T1Ta1D1D1 TnTnTanDnDn- ; . 35.2.2.1.2.
35.3.2.3. 5 :
) 10 20 ;
) 15% .
35.3.2.4. 5 :
) ( );
) ( B D );
) 110 100 ( );
) , 20 , , 300 ( , );
) ( 20 ) 2,50 20% , 300 ( , ).
) ( TEMP DROP).
35.3.2.5. . , .
35.3.2.6. B D , , .
35.3.2.7. (1) , 5 20 3 nnnnPnPnPn
TnTnTanDnDn: ( ), nnnn .
:
33333 333D3D3 44/// /////
55555 555D5D5, 33 55 , , 44 .
35.3.3. 6. .
21212 0000 d0d0f0f0f0
n1n1P1P1P1 d1d1f1f1f1
. ..
nnnnPnPnPn dndnfnfnfn
21212- .
35.3.3.1. 0000 d0d0f0f0f0 ( ) , .
0000- ( D); . 35.2.2.1.1.
d0d0f0f0f0- ; 35.2.2.1.3.
35.3.3.2. .
n1n1P1P1P1 d1d1f1f1f1
.. ..
nnnnPnPnPn dndnfnfnfn
n1n1nnnn- , D: 11, 22,99,11 ..
P1P1P1PnPnPn- ; PtPtPt . 35.2.3.
d1d1f1f1f1.dndnfnfnfn- ; . 35.2.2.1.3.
35.3.3.3. 6 10. 5 /. , . 35.3.2.6.
35.3.3.4. (1), 6 .
6 , , 20 ( . 35.3.2.7.).
35.3.3.5. : , 6 21212 99990.
, | , | , / | - | |
646 301 20 | ||||
90,0 67,6 50,9 41,1 32,7 25,8 19,7 14,6 10,8 | . . - . - . - . - | |||
:
:
21212 00996 20012 11973 27516 22956 24518
33924 29017 44/// / / / / / 55646 30020
66595 29028 77547 30022 88504 29537
99380 31053 11345 29530 22314 31033
33280 32050 44247 30026 55219 29533
66195 25550 77160 27037 88120 28037
D:
21212 11900 26538 22676 26018 33509 25010
44411 27013 55327 23520 66258 24510
77197 25516 88146 24520 99180 25516
35.3.4. 7. , , , / .
31313 Srrarasasa 8GGgg (9SnTwTwTw)
(1), ; , .
7 .
31313 - .
Sr - ; .. 3849
RaRa- / ; .. 3872.
3849, 3685, 3872 3.
8GGgg (GG) (gg) , 8- .
3
3849- Sr
, . |
3685-RaRa
- ( ) --2-1 ( ) - -2-2 ( ) |
3872- SaSa
, |
NhCLhCMCH
Nh CL ( CL ) CM, :
1 ( ) | |
2-3 | |
7-8 | |
9 , | |
10 ( , ) | |
Nh CL (-, , , -)
. 2 - 4 ( CL ), CL, 6 Nh 5.
CL Nh CM (-, - -).
. 4 - , CM 3, 1 - ( 8), CM , CM , CM 5 CL Nh 4.
, , , , , , Nh 0. , , , , , . , , (, - ), Nh 9. 9 , .
CL -, , -.
CL :
CL | -, , - | ||
(Cumulus humilis) (Cumulus fraktus), . | , () , . | 57, 57, 59, 60 (1,2,3) | |
(Cumulus mediocris) (Cumulus congestus) | , , , - . . | 58,61,62,63,64,65, 66,113,123,127,128, (5,5,6,7,8,9) | |
- (Cumulonimbus calvus) | - , (), ( -) . , - | 67,68,69(10,11) | |
-, - (Stratocumulus cumulogenitus Stratocumulus cumulonimbogenitus) | - , - . | ||
- (Stratocumulus), - | - , - . | 41,42,43, 44,45,47,49,56, 122,129,130, (21,22,23,24) | |
- (Stratus nembulosus) | , , , | 52,53,100, (26,27) | |
(Stratus fractus) (Cumulus fractus) | , - - . , , | 22,55,80, (28,29,37) | |
(Cumulus) - (Stratocumulus), . - - - | -, -. , - . | 46 (30,31) | |
- (Cumulonimbus) | - () , . - , , -, , | 54,70,71,72,73,74,75, 76,77,78,124125,126, (12,13,14,15,16,17,35, 36) |
CL, , CL :
1 2 3 4 5 6
9 3 4 8 2 1,5,6,7
CL , .
: 3 - , ( 5), 1 - , ( 4); CL . CL 4.
, 1,5,6,7, CL, , .
- , , CL , .
h - CL CM ; :
() | |||
50 | 1000-1500 | ||
50-100 | 1500-2000 | ||
100-200 | 2000-2500 | ||
200-300 | 2500 | ||
300-600 | / | ||
600-1000 |
h CL . CL , h CM.
(CL CM) , h , .
CM -, - -. CM :
CM | -, - - | ||
- (Altostratus translucidus) | - , . , | 22,23, (37) | |
- (Altostratus opacus) - (Nimbostratus) | - , , - | 24,55,56, (58) | |
- (Altostratus translucidus), | - , . . . | 28,129,130 (40,41,42,43) | |
- (Altocumulus translucidus) ( ), | - , , ( ). . | 26 (48,49) | |
- (Altocumulus translucidus) , - (Altocumulus translucidus), - (Altocumulus opacus); | - , - ( ), . . | 26 (48,49) | |
-, - (Altocumulus cumulogenitus Altocumulus cumulonimbogenitus) | - , - | 39,40 (50,50) | |
(Altocumulus translucidus), , - (Altocumulus opacus), , - (Altocumulus) - (Altostratus) - (Nimbostratus) | : ) - , , ; ; ) - , ; ) - - | 30,34, (51,52,53,54) | |
- (Altocumulus castellanus) - | - - , - () | 16,25,29,36,37, 38, (55,56,3,57) | |
- (Altocumulus) . | - , | 33,35 (58,59) |
/ - -, - - - , , , .
CM, , CM . , , , 7, , 4,5 6. CM 7 .
. , , CM, CM. 942Nttw .
, , CM , .
- , -
:
, - - | |||
(Cirrus fibratus), (Cirrus uncinus), | , | 1, 2, 4, 105, (61, 62) | |
(Cirrus spissatus), , , (Cirrus castellanus), (Cirrus flokus) | , , - , | 5, 6, 9, 14, (63) | |
, - (Cirrus spissatus cumulonimbogenitus) | , , - | 7, 11, 12, (64, 65, 66) | |
(Cirrus uncinus) (Cirrus fibratus), | , . | 10, (67, 68) | |
(Cirrus), , (Cirrostatus) -, , , 45 | ( , ) -, - . , , 45 | 3, 8 (69) | |
(Cirrus), , - (Cirrostratus) -, . 45, | ( , ) -, - . 45, | (70) | |
- (Cirrostratus), | - , | 21 (71) | |
- (Cirrostratus) | - | (72) | |
- (Cirrocumulus) -, | - , - -, - | 13, 15, 16, 17 (73, 74, 75) |
/- , - - - , , , .
, , . , , 1 2. (.. 1 2), .
. , , , . 942Nttw.
- , , .