.
. .
4 .
.
.1.
, , , , .
( 1-2) 3-33 50 U ≥ 10 , .
RM1 RM2. 1 2, (1 = 2, 2 = 1 2 3 = 1 2). , 3-38.
1-68.
R . R - .
 |
:
U ≤10 ; R1 =1 ; C1 = C2 =2 ;
f =400 ; R2 =2 ; VD1 VD4 - D 226.
R =10 ;
.
1. , RM1.
1.1. (.2).
1.2. :
) U ( Um=√2U);
) Uo;
) . ;
) .
1.3. Uo Io. R =∞:
U = Um / x.
1.4.
Uo=f(Io),
Ri:
Ri=∆Uo/∆Io.
2. - , - RM1, 1 (. .2).
2.1. , .
2.2. θ R .
2.3. .
|
|
|
2.4. :
P=(3*107)/(f R C) [%],
R , ; , ; f , .
2.5. U 100 1000 .
3. (. 3).
3.1. , RM1.
3.2. , . ,
U=(2Um)/.
3.3. , - (RM1, 1).
3.4. Uo, .
4. (. 4).
4.1. .
4.2. . 3.3, 3.4.
4.3. .
5. (. 5).
5.1. Uo Io R U, . 2 3.4.
5.2. Uo Io , .
.
1. 3-33 50, 10 , .
1.1. (.1), 9-11, 4-12. 19-18. , 21-22, 23-24, 25-26. 1-2.
1.2. U =10, f =400 , . 1.2 ),,).
1.3. R.
2. 9-11, 4-12, 4-16.
2.2.
360o/n=2θ/m,
n ; m , (. 6):
) = 2, R = R1, R2;
) R = R1, 1 = 1 2 (14-15);
2 = 2 (14-15).
2.3. =f() :
1=1 2 (14-15);
2=2 (14-16);
3=1 2 (15-17, 14-16).
=(Un / Uo)*100%, Un , Uo (. 7).
2.5. = 2, R = R1.
3.1. 5-7, 6-8, 9-11, 10-12, 19-18.
3.3. = 2, R = R1. f =400 .
3.4. U, Uo.
4.1. 5-7, 9-11, 12.
4.2. , .
5. 9-11, 14-15, 6-17, 4-16.
1. . ., . . . .: , 1982.
|
|
|
2. . . . .: , 1972.
2
- - , .
-4.
I. -38.
II. CI-68.
III. -33.
, .
1.
. 1.
, . C1 C2, , .
,
Kl(jw)=Ů/Ė=Kl(w)exp(j φ(w)),
Ė, Ů - ; Kl(w), φ(w) - - - ( ).
, , , , Z, Z, Z .
, , .
Kl0=U/E,
Z= R, Z = R, Z = R Kl(jw) :
Kl(jw) = Ů/Ė = Kl0/(1+1/jw Ƭ 1)(1+1/jw Ƭ 2),
Ƭ 1=(R+R)C1 Ƭ 2=(R+R)C2 - .
, :
(1/ Ƭ )=Σ1/ Ƭ i
n - , .
Kl(jw) = Kl0/ (1+1/jw Ƭ ), (1)
(1) :
Kl(w) = Kl0/√(1+1/w² Ƭ ²), (2)
, Z, Z, Z, Z.
Klb(jw) = Kl0/ (1+1/jw Ƭ b),
Ƭ b=(R || R)C
Klb(jw) = Kl0/ √(1+w² Ƭ b²), (3)
φ b(w)=-arctg(w Ƭ b).
.2 . w w- . , . , √2 ,
Kl = Kl= Kl0/√2 ≈ 0.707 Kl0.
.2 - () () .
(2), (3)
w = 1/τ, w = 1/τ.
- :
|
|
|
U = f (e).
, - . . 2, . , K*
= √ ((P2 + P3 ++Pn) / P1) =
= √ ((U²2m +U²3m ++U²nm) / U²1m) =
= √ ((I²2m +I² 3m++I²nm) / I²1m)
Pn, Inm,Unm - , n- .
, K. : Emax, Epmin. : D=20Lg(Emax/Emin).
.3 - , . R1, R2, R , .
.3. .
.4. .
.5. R.
.4. - . , R = r/ R, (r = U /I)
r = r + r(1+β) ≈ βr (4)
R ≈ βr || R
r >> R R = R || R
Klo = U / E = β I R / I (R + R) =
= β I v / (I (1 + r/R) (R + R)) = (5)
= β R / ((1 + r/R) (R + R))
, .4, r. r , I R = 0. , , .5. U, I,
U = (I + β) r + I (r + R || R). (6)
I
I = I (r / (r + r + R || R)). (7)
(7) (6),
R = U / I = r (1+ βγ) + r || (r + R || R) ≈
≈ r (1+ βγ) (8)
γ = r / (r + r + R || R).
R
R = r || R.
.
.6. , . .
|
|
|
.6. .
: R, C2 R, E .
, .
, , .
I. U = f (e) (e < 0.1 , f = 1000 ) R = 1 , R = 1 , , , , e . Umax, .
2.
K = U / E (f = 1000 , U < Umax, R = 1 ,R = I ). .
, R = 10 . K. .
3. R, E U (f ≤ 1000 , U < Umax, R = 1 ,R = I ).
R = R / (E / U - 1).
.
4. U = φ(f) (f ≤ 1000 , U = const ≤ Umax):
) c U = φ(f) (R = 1 , R = I , C2 = 0,26 ) (c, ). f, , √2 pa,.. 0.707 U (1000 );
) C2 I . 1000 . C2, . ;
) R = I . . f .
5. (f > 1000 );
) U = φ(f) (R = 1 , R = 1 , C2 = 1 ). f ( 0,707);
) R . R = 10 . f;
) R. R = 10 . f;
) . C = 0,01 . f;
) , , , C2, .
6. . 4, 5 . .
"600 " "". . , , , . 6 - 10 , 2 - 3 , : 20; 30; 50; 10010ⁿ f.
:
I) ;
2) , .
1. ?
2. .
3. ?
4. , B,AB?
5. ? ?
6. - - .
7. RC- .
8. ?
|
|
|
9. .
10. .
3
: .
1. .
2. -33 -109.
3. -38.
4. -4300.
5. I-96 I-76.
() , (). c (). (), , (), .
, , : R ; R, U I ; f1 Vmax .
, .
1. , .. R =∞.
2. , .. =∞.
.1
R2
 |
R1
.1. .
, R1 R2 , .
, 1 2, , U , U=U. C , U=U*R1/(R1+R2) , .
.=U/U=1+R2/R1 (1)
, , , R1 R2.
, R R
= . *1/1+(1+R2/R1+R2/R)/, (2)
- .
. 1 R1 R2, , ,
=*(R1+R2)/(R+R1+R2) (3)
(2) , , .
R. , . R.
R.=R * / ≈R*(/1+R2/R1 ) (4)
, R. - .
R.=R*(1+R2/R1)/ (5)
() () . , , .
. 2. R1 , R1 R2 .
R2
 |
|
 | |||||
 | |||||
 |
 | |||||
 | |||||
 | |||||
. 2. .
2 . , R1 U, R2-U, . . UR1=U UR2=U. 1, U/R2=-U/R1,
. =-R2/R1 (6)
, .
:
=-R2/R1*(1/1+(1+R2/R1+R2/R1+R2/R)/K, (7)
=*R2/R+R2. (8)
R1, :
R. ≈R1 (9)
, .
, , (5), ( ) . 1 .2 .
U. ,
U. =U(1+R2/R1)-I*R2. (10)
.
R2
 |
|
 | |||
 | |||
 | |||||
 | |||||
 | |||||
R3
 |
.3. .
U. R3 (. 3),
R3=R1*R2/R1+R2. (11)
R3 U.
U. =U(1+R2/R1)+∆I*R2 (12)
∆I-
U. . , (10-50).
f=f/. (13)
20 .
( ). , , 1=2=()½,
f=((2)½-1/)½*f1 (14)
40 .
Vmax Um . max, , :
Um . max=Vmax/2π*f (15)
, , . .
, , . () :
t0,35/f (16)
, .
.
1. , . 4:
a) . , , R., R. f , (1)-(5) (13);
b) ., , R., R. R3 R5 (6)-(9) (5); R1 R3 . 4, R2 R5;
c) U. R3 R4 R8 (10) (12);
d) f R4 R5 (13);
e) Um . max 100 (15);
f) t R3 R5 (16);
g) f 1=10, 2=10 (=100) (14).
2. , .
3. .
4. , .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
:R1=10 ; R2=90 ;R3=10 ; R4=1; R5=100; R6=1; R8=9 ; R1=10 ; R2=10 ; R=1 ( 6). : =10*103; R=5 ; R=1 ; U=5 ; I=50 ; ∆I=15 ; f=300 ; Vmax=0.1 /.
1. . 4, 3 R1 R2 6. -33 . .1 f= 1000 ; U= 100 . ( , ).
-38 =U\U. .
Rr1 , . .
.
R . , R . . R .
2. -33 , - 0,775 . ( -38 , 0,775 0 .) , 20 .
100 ; 330 ; 1000 ; 3,3 ; 10; 33 , 100 200 .
=20+U
U .
. f. .
3. , 3 . 4, R8, 2 R5. -33 f=1000 , U=100 .
2 .
, . 2.
Rr2 U′.
R.=Rr2*U′ /U-U′.
.
4. -33 2 . 2 . U. 2 . (R=R4).
R8, , . U., .
, R6 R7, +U1 U2 3. R6, U.. , 2 . 4 R1 6, R2 0-+15 . , 2 U=100 , . =U./U, . 2 R8.
5. . 2 -38. 2 -33 33 , 0,775 . , =20 .
100 ; 330 ; 1 ; 3,3 ; 10 ; 33 ; 100 200 . []
20+U,
U .
.
f. .
| F, | |||||||||||
| 0,033 | 0,1 | 0,33 | 1,0 | 3,3 | |||||||
| =20 N=1 | U | ||||||||||
| =20 N=1 | U | ||||||||||
| =40 N=1 | U | ||||||||||
| =40 | U | ||||||||||
: U .
6. R5 R4. 33 0,775 , =40 . 100 ; 330 ; 1 ; 3,3 ; 10 ; 33 ; 100 200 . []
=40+U,
U .
. f. .
7. 100 10 . Um .max =φ(f) ( ). -33 R4 R5.
8. -106 . 100 1 . , 1,5 , , t. .
9. . 4, 1 2. R5. 1 -33 f=33 ; U=10 . . 3
f, f =40 .
:
1) ;
2) (. 4);
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) , ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) .
1. ? 1- 2- .
2. .
3. ?
4. .
5. ? ?
6. ? ?
7. ?
8. () ?
/ . . . . .: . 1982. 190 .
. . . .: , 1982. 512 .
Rr2
R3 R4
 |
2
R5
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R1 R2
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|
R7
Rr1
+U
 | |||
 |
R6 R8 R
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1 1 2
 |  | ||||||||||
|  | ||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
. 4 .
4
, .
: , , .
- 4 .
:
1) -33;
2) -38 4300;
3) CI-68;
4) () (j) - .
- , () .
() 4 :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, . w w - . .1, , . 1, - - , , , .
| 0-w | w -¥ | |
| w -¥ | 0- w | |
| w -w | 0- w, w-¥ | |
| 0-w w-¥ | w-w |
.1. : - ; - : - ;
- ; - .
, ()- , .
(), :
- ; U (), U () - . 
k(w), j(w) - - ( ) .
, :
n .
(w) -
